The Rock Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a rock?

A

Rocks are made up of substances called minerals

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2
Q

What are minerals?

A

Minerals are naturally occurring chemical compounds – usually of crystalline form.

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3
Q

Where are rocks formed?

A

All rocks are formed in the Earth’s lithosphere

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4
Q

What is the earths lithosphere?

A

The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell, which includes the Earth’s crust and the top part of its mantle.

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5
Q

Where does magma flow?

A

The lithosphere.

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6
Q

How are volcanoes formed?

A

Large quantities of magma break through the surface.

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7
Q

What are a few ways rocks can be formed?

A

Weathering of other rocks causing layers of sediments which get buried and overtime changed based on temperature and pressure. Some rocks form from the remains of living things.

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8
Q

What’s in a rock?

A

Elements found naturally in their uncombined form are also minerals. These elements, called native elements, include diamonds (pure carbon) and gold.

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9
Q

What are the most minerals in rocks?

A

Compounds with one or more metal elements together with the element’s oxygen and silicon

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10
Q

What are ways we can tell how rocks are formed?

A

The colours, shapes and textures of the minerals in rocks.

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11
Q

What is a crystal?

A

A solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

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12
Q

What does the way crystal grow when a mineral is formed depend on?

A

The speed of the cooling process of the molten material from which they form and how much space is available.

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13
Q

How can you identify minerals?

A

Colour
Lustre
Crystal shape/size
Hardness
Streak

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14
Q

What is the lustre of a mineral?

A

The lustre of a mineral describes the way that it reflects light.

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15
Q

How can the hardness of a mineral be determined?

A

The hardness of a mineral can be determined by trying to scratch one mineral with another. (The harder mineral leaves a scratch on the softer mineral.)

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16
Q

What are the levels and corralting words in Mohs Scale of Hardness?

A

1-Talc
2-Gypsum
3-Calcite
4-Fluorite
5-Apatite
6-Orthoclase
7-Quartz
8-Topaz
9-Corundum
10-Diamond

17
Q

What is the streak of a mineral?

A

The streak is the powdery mark left by a mineral when it is scraped across a hard surface like an unglazed white ceramic tile.

18
Q

Where are all rocks on Earth found?

A

The lithosphere

19
Q

Define erosion

A

The gradual destruction or diminution of something

20
Q

Define weathering

A

The process of being worn down by long exposure to the atmosphere