The Rise Of Faciam

Question 1

How did the growth of the PPI threaten the liberal govt

Answer 1

Pushed for catholic issues ans values
Supported land reform & campaigned for peasants to be given land
Strong political force h win 101/508 in 1919
Hostile to liberal regime and socialists
Caused loss of seats for liberals

Question 2

How was the Growth of PSI a threat to the liberal govt

Answer 2

Led to growth of unions 1919-1920 ,known as biennio rosso huge wave of strikes/ industrial action
Aug-sept 1920 300+ factories occupied
1920 forced employers to improve workers terms
In control of 2162/8059

Question 3

Why were Territorial problems an issue for the facist government

Answer 3

During biennio Rosso peasants began to occupy land owners and uncultivated land - legalised and between 1918&1921 1 million hectares of land given away
Mutilated victory meant Italy didn’t receive Fiume ans Dalmatia
No colonies in Africa gained

Question 4

Why were economic problems a threat to the liberal government

Answer 4

Unemployment rose due to disabled and decrease in industry
Inflation continues after the war

Question 5

What Government reforms did the liberals make in response to threats

Answer 5

Did nothing about Fiume
Set up commissions and authorises price cuts after food riots
Promised reforms in response to factory occupations
5 PMs from 1918-22

Question 6

1919 elections

Answer 6

PSI did well (156/508)
PPI did well (101/508)
Neither wanted to take part in coalition

Question 7

1921 elections

Answer 7

PPI & PSI lost votes
Fringe groups lost votes
1919_1922 givts unsuccessful and managed to pass limited policies
Did introduce bread subsidy and 8hr working day

Question 8

Describe facist use of violence to gain support

Answer 8

• seen as protecting against socialists
  organised the squadrismo
  Attacked the avanti newspaper
  Police and army didn’t go against squads as they saw them as useful in neutralising socialists threat
  100s killed and 1000s injured
  May 1921 facist attacked socialist campaigners and intimidated voters

Question 9

Describe facist use of violence to gain power

Answer 9

Mussolini abounded his dual policy and promoted violence instead of
Squads became more organised and began to take over towns - destroying homes, meeting places and socialist councils
By 1922 had 320,00 members
October 22 Mussolini gave ultimatum either he was given power or facist march in Rome

Question 10

Describe facist attempts at legitimacy

Answer 10

March 1919 combined 20 ex servicemen organisations into the fasci di combattimento
Formed a new movenemh with mutual feeling of belonging and nationalism
Program,e very vague but clear left wing leanings
1919 election not one facist elected to government
Biennio rosso led to more support for facist
At maya, 1921 had changed views significantly and made significant gains 7%
Mussolini and 34 other facist entered parliament
October 1921 facists organised into party (pnf)
Mussolini promoted a pact of pacifacation with psi and caked for end to squad violence to try and gain support (dual policy)
Involved in discussions about forming a facist coalition

Question 11

Key events of march on Rome

Answer 11

1. On 24th oct facist planned to take local governments in and around Rome
2. 27th oct 10,000 out of an expected 50,000 facists gathered in Rome
3. Facts encourages the kind to introduce martial law to stop facists (12000) soldiers but on,unlisted 8 hours
4. Tried to compromise out of fear of being replaced by offering a place in coalition but refused by Mussolini
5. King agrees to make Mussolini prime minister