The Righteous Mind

Question 1

The mind is divided into two parts

Answer 1

Like a rider, controlled processes Like an elephant, automatic processes

Question 2

Moral reasoning, ______________comes first, _______________ comes second

Answer 2

Intuition, strategic reasoning

Question 3

If you want to change someone’s mind about moral or strongly held belief

Answer 3

Talk to the elephant first If you ask someone to believe something that violate their intuition, they will devote their efforts to find an escape hatch, a reason to doubt your argument or conclusion

Question 4

What is a good antidote to righteousness

Answer 4

Empathy

Question 5

Brains evaluate instantly and; _______

Answer 5

Constantly

Question 6

Social and political judgements depend heavily on quick ____________. _____________

Answer 6

Intuitive flashes

Question 7

Our bodily states can influence our moral judgment

Answer 7

Bad tastes and smells can make people more judgmental

Question 8

When we see or hear about the things other people do, the elephant begins to ….

Answer 8

Lean immediately. The rider, who is always trying to anticipate the elephants next move , begins looking for ways to support such a move

Question 9

Metaphor of the mind. What to represents reasoning and what represents intuition

Answer 9

The rider The elephant

Question 10

It doesn’t matter what one person thinks of you, as much as….

Answer 10

What everybody thinks of you

Question 11

In moral and political matters we are often groupish rather than…

Answer 11

Selfish. We deploy our reasoning skills to support our team, and to demonstrate commitment to our team

Question 12

Reasoning can take us to almost any conclusion we want to reach, because we ask, can I believe it? When we want to believe something, but must I believe it? When we don’t want to believe…..

Answer 12

The answer to the first question is almost always yes, while the second question is almost always no

Question 13

The research suggests that moral reasoning has evolved not to help us find truth , but to help us engage in….

Answer 13

Arguments, persuasion, and manipulation in the context of discussions with other people. Skilled arguers are not after the truth but after argument supporting their views.

Question 14

Define delusion

Answer 14

A false conception and persistent believe unconquerable by reason in something that has no existence in fact

Question 15

Explain rationalist delusion

Answer 15

The idea that reasoning is our most noble attribute

Question 16

Studies indicate that when we want to believe something we ask ourselves, can I believe it?…

Answer 16

Then we search for supporting evidence, and if we find a single piece of supporting evidence, we stop thinking.

Question 17

When we don’t want to believe something, we ask ourselves, must i believe it?

Answer 17

Then we search for contrary evidence, and if we find a single reason to doubt the claims, we can dismiss it

Question 18

The term used to describe the many tricks people use to reach conclusions they want to reach

Answer 18

Motivated reasoning

Question 19

____________, ______________ The Tendency to seek out and interpret new evidence in ways that confirm what we already believe

Answer 19

Confirmation bias

Question 20

Some moral dilemmas can be read by your righteous mind in two Conflicting Ways,

Answer 20

But it’s hard to feel both intuitions at the same time.

Question 21

WEIRD

Answer 21

Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic

Question 22

The weirder you are, the more you see the world full of separate objects….

Answer 22

Rather than relationships.

Question 23

We should understand what morality is are trying to accomplish. It’s just too easy for our riders to build a case against every morality, political party and religion that we don’t like.

Answer 23

So let us try to understand moral diversity first, before we judge other moralities.

Question 24

List the three moral themes, which are called ethics.

Answer 24

The ethic of autonomy. The ethic of community. The ethic of divinity.

Question 25

The ethic of autonomy…

Answer 25

The idea that people are, first and foremost, autonomous individuals with one needs and preferences. People should be free to satisfy theses

Question 26

The ethic of community…

Answer 26

Is based on the idea that people are members of larger entity such as families, teams, armies, companies, tribes, and nations. People have an obligation to play their assigned roles in these entities. They develop moral concepts such as duty, hierarchy, respect, reputation, and patriotism

Question 27

The ethic of Divinity

Answer 27

People are not just animals with with extra servings of consciousness. They are children of God and should behave accordingly. The body is a temple, not a playground.

Question 28

Liberal and conservative policies as manifestations of deeply conflicting…

Answer 28

But equally heartfelt visions of a good society.

Question 29

If you grow up in a WEIRD Society, you become so well educated in the epic about autonomy that you can detect oppression and inequality even where the apparent victims see nothing wrong.

Answer 29

Conversely if you were raised in a more traditional society, or within an evangelical Christian household in the United States, you become so well educated in the ethics of community and divinity that you can detect to disrespect and degradation even when the apparent victims see nothing wrong

Question 30

Empathizing versus systemizing.

Answer 30

Empathizing is the drive to identify another person’s emotions and thoughts, and respond to these with an appropriate emotion. Systemizing is the drive to analyze the variables in the system, to derive the underlying rules that govern the behavior of the system.

Question 31

Asperger’s syndrome. Systematizers. Famous person?

Answer 31

Jeremy Bentham. Was born in England in 1748 went to Oxford at 12 trained as a lawyer and devoted his career to reforming the mass of contradictory and often pointless rules and punishments that had accrued over many centuries to constitute English law.

Question 32

The goal of the author of the book the righteous mind., Jonathan Haidt

Answer 32

Define links between virtues and well-established evolutionary theories. To identify the most obvious links between two fields he loved. Anthropology and evolutionary psychology

Question 33

The five good candidates for being taste receptors of the righteous mind are…

Answer 33

Care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity.

Question 34

Jonathan hate list of five moral foundations was his first attempt to specify how the righteous mind was…

Answer 34

Organized in advance of experience but moral foundations theory also tries to explain how that first draft gets revise during childhood to produce the diversity of morality is that we find across cultures, and across the political spectrum.

Question 35

The moral matrix of liberals in America and elsewhere, rests more heavily on…

Answer 35

Care

Question 36

Fairness perspective of liberals and conservatives. Explain.

Answer 36

On the left, fairness Lofton implies equality, but on the right it means proportionality. People should be rewarded in proportion to what they contribute, even if that guarantees unequal outcomes.

Question 37

The virtue of loyalty men versus women.

Answer 37

Men tend to be more loyal to teams and coalitions of other men. In contrast to personal relationships are important to women.

Question 38

When it comes to care, American liberals, Are often hostile toward American foreign policy.

Answer 38

Loyalty is less important to liberals.

Question 39

Common misperception about Liberal view of hierarchy

Answer 39

Hierarchy equals power equals exploitation equals evil

Question 40

Current triggers of the authority/subversion

Answer 40

The current triggers of the authority subversion foundation is anything that is construed as an active obedience, disobedience, respect, disrespect, submission, or rebellion. These also include anything that subverts traditions, institutions, or values that are perceived to provide stability…as with the loyalty foundation it is much easier for the political right to build on this foundation than it is for the left, which often defines itself in part by its opposition to hierarchy, and equality, and power

Question 41

It is argued that our feelings of disgust can sometimes provide us with valuable warning…

Answer 41

That we have gone too far.

Question 42

In politics, conservatives know how to trigger the full range of moral foundations theory.

Answer 42

Democrats don’t know how to do this.

Question 43

The conservative advantage

Answer 43

Question 44

Liberals sacralize equality, which is then pursued by fighting for civil rights and human rights.

Answer 44

Liberals sometimes go beyond equality of rights to pursue equality of outcomes, which cannot be obtained in a capitalistic system.

Question 45

Describe conservative liberty/oppression foundation. And the hatred of Tyranny

Answer 45

Many of those tenants support economic conservatism. Don’t tread on me (with your liberal nanny state and it’s high taxes) don’t tread on my business with your oppressive regulations. And don’t tread on my nation, i.e. United Nations

Question 46

Defined the authors idea of Homo economic us

Answer 46

Xx

Question 47

Morality Binds and Blinds

Answer 47

We are 90% chimp and 10% bee

Question 48

Why are we so groupies?

Answer 48

Most of human nature was shaped by natural selection operations at the individual level , but not all. We have group related adaptations too. We are selfish primates that long to part of something greater than ourselves. It’s as if we have a switch inside our heads that activate our hivishness when conditions are right

Question 49

The Hive Switch

Answer 49

Humans are conditional hive creatures. The hive switch is an adaptation for making groups more cohesive and therefore successful in competition with other groups

Question 50

Ralph Waldo Emerson, delivered a set of lectures on nature…

Answer 50

Emerson argued that the deepest truth be known by intuition, not reason, and that experiences of awe in nature were among the best ways to trigger such intuitions. Argued against hyper intellectualism of America’s top universities.

Question 51

Emerson found in nature a portal between the realm of the profane in the realm of sacred.

Answer 51

The emotion of awe is most often triggered when we pay situations with two features, vastness, something overwhelms us to make us feel small, and the need for accommodation, that is, our experience is not necessarily a simulated into our existing mental structures, we must accommodate, the experience by changing those structures,. Awe acts like a kind of reset button, it makes people forget themselves and their petty concerns.

Question 52

Mirror Neurons … describe

Answer 52

Certain areas of the brain burn activated when we do something specific. For example picking up a glass and drinking from it. Interestingly, the same region will also be activated in the same way when we see another person picking up a glass and drinking from it. And important component, however, is that it also has intention. Under the same circumstances with the person is picking up the glass but there is no water in it, then we realize that the person Is not intending to drink from the glass, therefore that same part of the brain is not activated in the same way. Intentionality is key.

Question 53

A transactional leader

Answer 53

depends on self-motivated people who work well in a structured, directed environment.

Question 54

transformational leadership

Answer 54

seeks to motivate and inspire workers, choosing to influence rather than direct others.

Question 55

Hive hypothesis

Answer 55

That humans are conditional hive creatures. We have the ability, under certain circumstances, to transcend self interest, and lose ourselves temporarily and ecstatically, in something greater than ourselves. We live most of our lives in the ordinary world, but we achieve our greatest joys in those brief moments in transit to the secret world, in which we become, simply part of a whole.

Question 56

Trying to Understand religious beliefs by studying God…

Answer 56

Is like trying to understand the game of football by just watching the movement of the ball. You’ve got to broaden the inquiry. Look at ways religious beliefs work with practices to create rel

Question 57

Hunter gatherer gods VS gods of larger societies …

Answer 57

Capricious and malevolent toward the good and the bad. Gods of larger groups tend be concerned with actions that foment conflict.. murder, adulterous, false witness, breaking of oaths

Question 58

If you want to understand another group, follow the sacredness. And that first step is.

Answer 58

View the situation from the perspective of six moral foundations. And try to figure out which one or two are carrying the most weight in that particular controversy.

Question 59

If you really want to open up your mind,…

Answer 59

Then open your heart first.

Question 60

If you can have a at least one friendly interaction with the other member, you’ll find it easier to listen to what they are saying.

Answer 60

And maybe even see a controversial issue in a new light.