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FWS > The Rhône Valley > Flashcards

The Rhône Valley Flashcards

1
Q

What are the climatic, topography and geology between Northern and Southern Rhône?

A

North:

  • Continental Climate; vintage variances
  • Steep slopes
  • Granite Schist
  • climate from north meets up with the climate in the south
  • granite and schist of Massif Central in West collide with sedimentar soils in Alps and foothills in the East
  • The river links everything

South:

  • Mediterranean; less vintage variance
  • Flat plains
  • Limestone, clay, marl
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2
Q

What are the borders to:

  1. Rhône Valley
  2. Northern Rhône
  3. Southern Rhône
  4. Les Côtes du Rhône
A
  1. Rhône Valley
    - Lyon/Beaujolais to the north
    - pre-Alps to the East
    - Languedoc to the SW
    - Provence to the SE
    - Massif Central to the W
  2. Northern Rhône
    - between Vienne -> Valance
  3. Southern Rhône
    - Montelimar -> Nimes
  4. Les Côtes du Rhône
    - Vienne -> Arignon
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3
Q

What are the approved grapes in Northern Rhône and the wine styles?

A
  1. Viognier
  2. Marsanne
  3. Rousanne
    - most whites are dry and still;
    - small amount of sparkling
    - more rare is late harvest (sometimes botrytised) Viognier of Condrieu and Hermitage’s sweet Vins de Paille (Mars and Rouss dried on straw mats for min 45 days)
  4. Syrah
    - All Northern Rh reds are still and dry with ample tannins
    - build to age and accrue meaty, gamey, leather notes over time
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4
Q

What grapes are grown in Diois?

A

White:

  1. Clairette
  2. Muscat a petit grains blanc
  3. Chardonnay
  4. Aligote

Red:

  1. Gamay
  2. Pinot Noir
  3. Syrah
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5
Q

What white varieties are permitted in Southern Rhône?

A
  1. Grenache Blanc
  2. Rousanne
  3. Marsanne
  4. Clairette
  5. Viognier
  6. Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano)
  7. Bourboulenc
  8. Muscat a petit grains blanc
  9. Rolle (Vermentino)
  10. Piccardan
  11. Picpoul
  12. Maccabeu
  13. Pascal
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6
Q

What are the red varieties in Southern Rhône?

A
  1. Grenach Noir
  2. Syrah
  3. Mourvedre
  4. Cinsault
  5. Carignan
  6. Clairette rose
  7. Counoise
  8. Grenache Gris
  9. Marselan
  10. Muscardin
  11. Vaccarese (Carmarese)
  12. Picpoul
  13. Terret Noir
  14. Calitor - found in Tavel only
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7
Q

What are the 2 VDN AOCs in the Rhône?

A
  1. Rasteau AOC
    - produced from Grenache Noir/Gris/Blanc
    - must have 4.5% RS and 15% alc
  2. Muscat de Baumes de Venise AOC
    - 100% Muscat a petits grains blanc
    - must have 10% RS and 15% alc
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8
Q

Rhône:

What is the difference between CdR and CdRV blending

A
  • CDR = percentage of vine in the ground
  • CDRV = percentages of grapes in the bottle
    • by law it must be a blend
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9
Q

Rhône:

What is the blending formula for CdRV?

A
  1. Red:
    - 50% Grenache
    - 20% min of Syrah and/or Mourvedre
    - 20% (up to) f any CDR red vars
  2. White:
    - Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Rousanne, Clairette, Bourboulenc Blanc, and Viognier in any amounts;
    - but must be at least 80%
  3. Rose:
    - Same as red but can add up to 20% any CDR white varieties.
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10
Q

Rhône:

What do the terms Septentrionale and Mériodnale mean?

A

Septentrionale: wines from Northern Rhône

Meriodnale: wines from Southern Rhône

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11
Q

Rhône:

What are the blending fomulas for the Northern Crus and some of their flavour profiles?

A
  1. Côte-Rotie - R Bank
    - 100% red; Syrah and up to 20% Vio
    - distinctive notes of cardamom, leather, violet, white pepper and raspbery
  2. Condrieu - R Bank
    - 100% white; Vio only
    - medium to full bodied wines; moderate to low acidity
    - aromas of apricot, peach, almond, honeysuckle, linden blossom and honey
    - 90-95% Condrieu is dry; but sweet Condrie also allowed
  3. Chateau-Grillet - R Bank
    - 100% white; Vio only
    - same styly as Condrieu
    - v. sm AOC
  4. St-Joseph - R Bank
    - 90% red w/ up to 10% Mars and/or Rouss
    - - aromas and flavs of blackcurrant, rasp, violet and graphite
  • 10% white made from Mars/Rous
    • taste of acacia honey and wildflowers
  1. Crozes-Hermitage - L Bank (lgst of Northern Crus)
    - 92% Red Syrah w/ up to 15% Mar/Rou allowed
    - malted choclate, chicory, coffee and old campfire
    - galets, limestone & shingle clays in granite and schist
  • 8% White of Mars/Rouss
  • taste of tree fruits, honey, wildflower, touch of nutskin
  1. Hermitage - L Bank
    - 73% Red Syrah w/ up to 15% Mar/Rous
    - violet, pink peppercorn, dark choclate, cherry and smoke; long lived
  • 27% White Mar/Rou
  • dried flowers, apricot, honey, toast; also long lived
  1. Cornas - R Bank
    - 100% Red, Syrah only
    - braised meat, smoke, coffee, molasses and black fruit
  2. Saint-Peray - R Bank
    - 100% White, still and sparkling Rouss and Mars
    - whites taste of flowers and citrus
    - sp since 1825
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12
Q

Rhône:

What are the Left and Right Bank AOCs?

A

Right:

  1. Cotes du Vivarias
  2. Duche d’Uzes
  3. Castieres de Nimes
  4. Clairette de Bellegarde

Left:

  1. Grignan-les-adhemar
  2. Ventoux
  3. Luberon
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13
Q

What are the Northern Rhone AOCs from North to South and L/R Bank?

A
  1. Cote-Rotie - R
  2. Condrieau - R
  3. Chateau Grillet - R
  4. St. Joseph - R
  5. Crozes Hermitage - L (largest in N)
  6. Hermitage - L
  7. Cornas - R
  8. St. Petray - R
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14
Q

What are the key rose AOCs in the Rhône?

A
  1. Tavel

2. Luberon

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15
Q

What is the impact of the Rhône River in Northern and Southern Rhône?

A
  • Starts in SW corner of Swiss Alps and travels through Jura mtns to city of Lyon where it is joined by the Sâone River; pivots south North to Southern Rhône to Med sea.
  • Principal trade route throughout history; cultural nexus between Burgundy and Provence
  • The river links everything
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16
Q

Rhône:

How did Pylloxera in 1880s change impact viticulture?

A
  • Vines pulled out and replanted on American rootstocks
  • Changed landscape:
    • some grapes such as Mourvdre difficult to graft; thus lost footing in Southern Rhone as was 1/3 of planting when phylloxra hit.
  • Varieties that took easily to grafting (i.e. Grenache, Syrah) came to dominate region
17
Q

Cotes du Rhone zone of production:

What AOCs fall outside of being declassified as Cotes du Rhone becuase they lie outsside the sub-region?

A
  • Important to knote that all the wines from the appellations within the Cotes du Rhone zone of prodcution could be declassifiedas the regional Cotes du Rhone AOC

North: Diois

South: Cotes du Vivarais, Grignan Les Adhemar, Ventoux, Luberon, Costiered de Nimes, Clairette de Bellegards and Buche’ d’Uzes

18
Q

Rhône:

How did the AOC system start in France?

A
  • 1924, Baron Pierre Le Roy de Boiseaumarie led other wine growes of CNdP and the president of the CNdP syndiate to delineate CNdP zone of production and set standards (like Roquefort cheese)
  • 1935 - Baron helped create first AOC
    • with presidents of other wine syndicates co-founded INAO
19
Q

Rhône:

What was the impact of the Mistral on viticulture?

A
  • 1956 winter temperatures dipped ti -15c for 3 weeks
  • compounded by frigid Mistral blowing through valley at 60mph/96kmph
  • most olive and fruit trees died; most of the vines survived and many farmers turned to viticulture for new livelihood, thus changing the landscape of the valley
20
Q

Who are the Rhone Rangers?

A

California winemakers who made Rhone style blends

21
Q

Rhône:

What is the Mistral?

A
  • an intese wine that originates as masses of cold air lying atope the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean
  • cold air masses pulled towards the warm air of the Med = creating powerful Mistral wind
  • blows sporadically year-round
  • in S Rhone vines gorw leaning sound due to the force of the northern wind; as protection vines are un-trellised and trained close to the ground
  • N Rhone ideal vys are located on se facing slopes to minimise exposure to Mistral
  • can clear away clouds and dust; deliveres sunny skies, dry weather and clear air; helps prevent frost, chases humidity reducing disease; refreshes air by dropping the temp so grapes don’t bake in summer heat
  • but can blow very hard breaking roots and ripping off leaves and berries; can decimate vys, uprooting them and destroying crops; can desiccate grapes
22
Q

What are the Southern Rhone AOCs from North to South and L/R Bank?

A

Left Bank:

  1. Vinsobres
  2. Rasteau
  3. Cairanne
  4. Gigondas
  5. Vacqueyras
  6. Beaume de Venise
  7. CNdP ( largest)

Right Bank:

  1. Lirac
  2. Tavel (rose only)

FWS (13 decks)

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