The Retroperitoneum: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder Flashcards
Structures of the hilum of the kidney
4
sinuses
renal artery
renal vein
ureters
Structures inside the kidney you need to know?
8
renal cortex renal pyramid renal column renal papilla minor calices major calices renal pelvis renal sinus
Components of the nephron
4
Afferent arterioles
Glomerulus
Efferent arterioles
Collecting ducts
Structures of the adrenal gland?
3
Cortex
Medulla
Fibrous capsule
What nerve supplies the adrenal gland?
Thoracic splanchnic nerve
Where does the superior suprarenal artery arise from?
right and left inferior phrenic artery
Where does the middle suprarenal artery arise from?
Lateral side of the abdominal aorta
Where does the inferior suprarenal artery arise from?
left and right renal artery
Where is the psoas muscle in relation to the ureters?
Posterior to the ureter
Passes vertically on the psoas
Where is the transverse processes in relation to the ureters?
Runs close to the tips of transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
Posteriorly and inferior into the bladder (attaches superiorly but doesn’t enter until it hits the inferior portion)
Where are kidney stones most likely to become lodged?
3
UP junction (ureteropelvic junction- renal pelvis) Just above the iliac crest (ureter comes up and over the iliac) Entry into the bladder
What are the main symptoms of kidney stones?
- Having to urinate often but producing small amounts
- Flank pain
- Pink, red, brown urine
What structure in the kidney is responsible for kidney stones?
Renal papillae
Know the following structures of the bladder
5
Apex Body Trigone Ureteric openings Internal urethral orifice
Whats the difference between your internal and external urethral orifice?
Internal is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system and external is controlled by the parasympathetic
Where is the pubic bone in relation to the bladder?
Anterior to the bladder
Is the bladder in the peritoneum?
its half in the peritoneum and half out of it
What kind of muscle is the bladder composed of?
detruser muscle
The two types of urethra in the male?
Prostatic urethra- in the medial prostate
Corpus spongiosum urethra- in the tissue of the shaft of the penis
If you were to see varices in the right scrotum what would you be worried about?
Tumor in the kidneys cutting off blood supply from the inferior vena cava
If you are taking out a kidney why would you cut the artery first?
Otherwise you still have blood going to the organ and nothing to drain it out so you have internal bleeding
What makes up the renal sinus?
Renal Pelvis
Major Calcies
Minor Calices
Coverings of the kidney?
2
perinephric fat and perirenal fascia
