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Anatomy: Week 3 > The Retroperitoneum: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder > Flashcards

The Retroperitoneum: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of the hilum of the kidney

4

A

sinuses
renal artery
renal vein
ureters

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2
Q

Structures inside the kidney you need to know?

8

A 
renal cortex
renal pyramid
renal column
renal papilla 
minor calices
major calices
renal pelvis
renal sinus
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3
Q

Components of the nephron

4

A

Afferent arterioles
Glomerulus
Efferent arterioles
Collecting ducts

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4
Q

Structures of the adrenal gland?

3

A

Cortex
Medulla
Fibrous capsule

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the adrenal gland?

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerve

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6
Q

Where does the superior suprarenal artery arise from?

A

right and left inferior phrenic artery

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7
Q

Where does the middle suprarenal artery arise from?

A

Lateral side of the abdominal aorta

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8
Q

Where does the inferior suprarenal artery arise from?

A

left and right renal artery

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9
Q

Where is the psoas muscle in relation to the ureters?

A

Posterior to the ureter

Passes vertically on the psoas

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10
Q

Where is the transverse processes in relation to the ureters?

A

Runs close to the tips of transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

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11
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

Posteriorly and inferior into the bladder (attaches superiorly but doesn’t enter until it hits the inferior portion)

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12
Q

Where are kidney stones most likely to become lodged?

3

A 
UP junction (ureteropelvic junction- renal pelvis)
Just above the iliac crest (ureter comes up and over the iliac)
Entry into the bladder
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13
Q

What are the main symptoms of kidney stones?

A
  • Having to urinate often but producing small amounts
  • Flank pain
  • Pink, red, brown urine
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14
Q

What structure in the kidney is responsible for kidney stones?

A

Renal papillae

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15
Q

Know the following structures of the bladder

5

A 
Apex
Body
Trigone
Ureteric openings
Internal urethral  orifice
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16
Q

Whats the difference between your internal and external urethral orifice?

A

Internal is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system and external is controlled by the parasympathetic

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17
Q

Where is the pubic bone in relation to the bladder?

A

Anterior to the bladder

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18
Q

Is the bladder in the peritoneum?

A

its half in the peritoneum and half out of it

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19
Q

What kind of muscle is the bladder composed of?

A

detruser muscle

20
Q

The two types of urethra in the male?

A

Prostatic urethra- in the medial prostate

Corpus spongiosum urethra- in the tissue of the shaft of the penis

21
Q

If you were to see varices in the right scrotum what would you be worried about?

A

Tumor in the kidneys cutting off blood supply from the inferior vena cava

22
Q

If you are taking out a kidney why would you cut the artery first?

A

Otherwise you still have blood going to the organ and nothing to drain it out so you have internal bleeding

23
Q

What makes up the renal sinus?

A

Renal Pelvis
Major Calcies
Minor Calices

24
Q

Coverings of the kidney?

2

A

perinephric fat and perirenal fascia

25
Q

What composes the greater and lesser parts of the pelvis?

A

Greater- inferior part of the abdomen between the alae of the ilium
Lesser- pelvic viscera and perineum (taint) and supporting bones (ischium and pubis)
The pelvic floor

26
Q

Muscles of the pelvis

4

A

Iliopsoas
Levator Ani
coccygeal
sphincters 3

27
Q

What is the difference between the male and female urethra?

A

Male urethra is much longer

Females have a higher rate of infection due to the short length

28
Q

Issues that could arise with the bladder?

3

A

enlarged prostrate pushing on it
Cancer
Infection

29
Q

Where is sperm stored?

2

A

Epididymus

Vas deferenes sometimes too

30
Q

How do you test for a sore kidney?

A

Palpate right below the 12th rib/costovertebral angle.

31
Q

Are ureters supported by the mesentery?

A

No so they need their own blood supply

32
Q

Is the spleen in the peritoneum?

A

Part in the peritoneum part retro

33
Q

What is the functioning unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

34
Q

Where does filtration occur?

A

glommerulus

35
Q

What is the main symptom of kidney stones?

A

severe, colicky, pain

pain because of peristalsis

36
Q

In KUB slides on page 6 what is the picture showing?

A

Nephrolithiasis-stones in the kidney

37
Q

Why is kidney transplant easier than other organs?

A

There is only a single artery, vein and ureter to divide and repair

38
Q

Three layers of the wall of the ureter?

A

Fibrous coat (Adventitia layer)
Muscularis-circular and longitudinal layer
Mucosa
Submucosa

39
Q

What is a retrograde dye study involving the kidneys?

A

Dye is put into the urethra (probably by drinking) and a cystoscope is put into the bladder up through the ureter to check for blockages

40
Q

Where is portal hypertension seen?

A 
Vessel blockage (portal/heptaic veins)
Cirrhosis(alcohol/hepatitis)
41
Q

Where are the three places where the portal and systemic venous systems connect?

A

Esophagus
umbilicus
rectum

42
Q

What is ascites?

A

Bulging of the stomach due to accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

43
Q

What is hypersplenism and what are its symptoms?

3

A

Removes blood cells too early and too quickly causing:
moderate anemia
neutropenia (abnormally low count of blood cells)
Thrombocytopenia (deficiency of platelets in the blood. Increase in bruising and slow clotting)

44
Q

What are the sphincters in the pelvic floor?

2

A

External anal sphincter

External urethra sphincter

45
Q

What are the effects of an enlarged prostate?

3

A

Diminished bladder capacity
Diminished urinary stream
urgency

46
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligement-superior
Medial border of the sartorius-lateral border
Medial border of the Adductor longus-medial border

47
Q

What runs through the femoral triangle/canal?

A

Femoral artery and deep femoral artery
Femoral nerve
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein

Anatomy: Week 3 (5 decks)

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