Reproductive System Flashcards
Homologues in male and females:
Gonads?
Labioscrotal folds?
Genital tubercle?
Men: Testis, Scrotum, Penis
Women: Ovary, Labia Majora, Clitoris
Where do testes and ovaries develop in relation to the peritoneum?
Intraperitoneal
Testes descend out of the peritoneum but ovaries don’t descend enough to leave the peritoneum
When can you start disguising between male and female in an embryo?
After the first 10 weeks
What is cryptorchidism and how is it treated?
Undescended testicle
Can be treated through hormones but surgery may be needed
What is the pathology of testicular torsion?
Torsion cuts off venous return before arterial supply. Causes swelling and intense pain
What happens in a ectopic pregnancy?
Fertilized egg does not get into the uterus. Mostly happens in the tubes but it can be in the ovary and peritoneal
What usually causes an ectopic pregnancy?
Caused by a blockage of scar tissue (usually from infection) in the fallopian tubes. The egg can’t get by
Where is the true pelvis and the false pelvis? (limits of the pelvis)
False is the wings of the ilium and it contains abdominal contents
True is below the pelvic brim and contains pelvis organs
What does the pudenal nerve innervate and what does it power?
2
Motors pelvis floor muscles
Collects sensory information from the genitals
Where does the spermatic cord get back into the pelvis?
Deep inguinal ring
How do we check for a hernia in the inguinal ring?
Push finger into scrotum and have the patient cough. This cough forces things out of the deep inguinal ring that are inside it.
What structures go through the obturator foramen?
3
Where does the nerve innervate?
Obturator nerve, vein and arteries.
Veins and arteries have branches that supply blood to the adductor muscle groups
What goes through the sciatic notch?
4
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
Pudendal nerve
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins
Pudendal arteries and veins
What is the function of the prostate?
secretes fluid that nourishes and protects the sperm
What is the pouch of douglas?
And what is its clinical significance?
The space between the uterus and rectum
Blood can pool there. Can stick needle in that space to test fluid
What structures do we cut, tie or block in males and females for fertilization?
Males is the vas deferenes
Females is the fallopian tubes
Identify the nerves that supply innervation to the pelvis
Parasympathetic? 4
Sympathetic?
Para: Sacral plexus = Sciatic, pudendal, superior and inferior gluteal nerves
Symp: Lumbar sympathetic trunk
Obturator nerve has both sensory and motor funcitons
The internal iliac artery supplies the majority of blood to the pelvis. What are its parietal and visceral branches?
6 total
Visceral:
Uterine artery
Vaginal artery
Middle rectal artery
Parietal:
Obturator artery
Internal pudendal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
What are the routes out of the pelvis?
6
Obturator foramen Femoral canal Sciatic notch Anus Vagina Urethra
Where does the rectum begin and end? In regards to the pelvis
Begins at the sciatic notch and ends at the ischial tuberosity
(also ends at the dentate line)
What structures lie anterior to the rectum?
seminal vesicles
prostate
bladder
uterus
What structures lie posterior to the rectum?
sacral vertebrae and coccyx
Structures of the rectum you need to know
5
Lateral Flexures Ampulla Anorectal Flexure Puborectalis muscles Ischiorectal fossa
What is the ampulla of the rectum?
Where feces is stored until it is eliminated via the anal canal
