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Semester 5- Neurology > The Reticular Formation > Flashcards

The Reticular Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the reticular formation found?

A

The brainstem

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2
Q

What is the function of the reticular formation?

A

Regulates the level of arousal and conscious awareness

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3
Q

What is arousal?

A

The emotional state associated with some kind of goal or avoidance of something noxious

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4
Q

What is consciousness?

A

Awareness of both the external world and internal states

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5
Q

Where does the reticular formation give outputs to?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal forebrain nuclei

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6
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to transmit from the reticular formation to the thalamus, hypothalamus and basal forebrain nucleus?

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to transmit from the thalamus to the cortex?

A

Glutamate

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to transmit from the hypothalamus to the cortex?

A

Histamine

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9
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to transmit from the basal forebrain nuclei to the cortex?

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

What frequency wavelength is awakeness on an EEG?

A

50Hz

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11
Q

What waves can be seen on an EEG when the eyes are closed?

A

Alpha waves

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12
Q

What waves can be seen on an EEG in stage 1 sleep?

A

Theta waves at 10Hz

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13
Q

What waves can be seen on an EEG in stage 2/3 sleep?

A

Theta waves with sleep spindles and k complexes

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14
Q

What is a sleep spindle?

A

Short period of high frequency waves

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15
Q

What is a k complex?

A

Large intermittent low frequency wave

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16
Q

What waves can be seen on an EEG in stage 4 sleep?

A

Delta waves at 1 Hz

17
Q

Which 3 functions are lost in order to sleep?

A

Sight
Movement
Thoughts

18
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to transmit information from the eye to the reticular formation?

A

Orexin

19
Q

Where does information from the eye pass through before it reaches the reticular formation?

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

Inhibition to the interneuron is lost so the thalamus is over-inhibited

21
Q

Give 4 functions of sleep

A

Memory consolidation
Clearance of extracellular debris
Energy conservation
Bodily repair

22
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Inability to sleep- excessive input to the reticular formation

23
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Fall asleep inappropriately- orexin neurones lost

24
Q

What is sleep apnoea?

A

Excess fat presses on the airway so people wake up suddenly through the night due to hypoxia.

Semester 5- Neurology (18 decks)

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