Development of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the open ends of the neural tube known as?

A

Neuropores

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2
Q

Which neuropore closes first?

A

Anterior neuropore (day 25)

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3
Q

What syndrome occurs if the posterior neuropore fails to close?

A

Spina bifida

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4
Q

In spina bifida, where is a cyst most likely to occur?

A

Lumbosacral region

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5
Q

What occurs if the anterior neuropre fails to close?

A

Anencephaly (no brain)

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6
Q

How can neural tube defects be detected pre-term?

A

Ultrasound

Raised maternal serum a-fetoprotein

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7
Q

How can neural tube defects be reduced?

A

Take folic acid pre-conceptually and in the first trimester of pregnancy

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8
Q

What does the caudal neural tube become in an adult?

A

Spinal cord

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9
Q

What does the lumen of the neural tube become in an adult?

A

Ventricles

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10
Q

What does the cranial neural tube become in an adult?

A

3 dilations –> 5 dilations –> 5 brain divisions

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11
Q

What are the lower nerve roots of the spinal cord known as?

A

Cauda equina

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12
Q

Name the 3 primary brain regions

A

Forebrain (procephalon)
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

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13
Q

What are the 2 derivatives of the forebrain called?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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14
Q

What are the 2 derivatives of the hindbrain called?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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15
Q

What does the telencephalon become in the adult?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

What does the diencephalon become in the adult?

A

Thalamus

17
Q

What does the mesencephalon become in the adult?

A

Midbrain

18
Q

What does the metencephalon become in the adult?

A

Pons, Cerebellum

19
Q

What does the myelencephalon become in the adult?

A

Medulla oblongata

20
Q

What forms as the neural tube grows greater than the space available?

A

Flexures

21
Q

Name the flexures and give their location

A

Cervical flexure –> spinal cord- hindbrain junction

Cephalic flexure –> midbrain region

22
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Excess CSF in the brain and around the spinal cord

23
Q

How will spina bifida occulta present?

A

Small openind in spinal cord covered in skin

24
Q

How will a meningocele present?

A

The meninges will push out of the spine into a cyst but will be covered in skin

25
Q

How will a myelomeningocele present?

A

Spinal cord and meninges push out into cyst

26
Q

Give 3 symptoms of spina bifida

A

Hydrocephalus
Reduced mobility
Urinary and bowel incontinence