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Semester 5- Neurology > Lower Motor Neurones and Spinal Reflexes > Flashcards

Lower Motor Neurones and Spinal Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lower motor neurone?

A

Cells who have cell bodies which collect to form discrete motor nuclei in the brainstem or spinal cord

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2
Q

Describe an A-alpha motor neurone

A

Large diameter

Myelinated

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3
Q

Where can a alpha neurone’s cell body be found?

A

Ventral horn of the spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the function of a gamma motor neurone?

A

Innervate intrafusal muscle fibres to provide constant muscle tone

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5
Q

What is the function of a alpha motor neurone?

A

Innervate extrafusal muscle fibres to contract muscles

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6
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

An alpha neurone and the area of muscle it innervates

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7
Q

How can the force of a muscle contraction be controlled?

A

Vary number of motor unit innervated

Vary number of impulses sent to that motor unit

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8
Q

How can more control of a muscle be gained?

A

Increase the number of motor units in that area

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9
Q

Why do elderly people have less control and stiffer muscles?

A

Lose motor units so the existing units become bigger

Atrophy of connective tissue

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10
Q

Describe an S type muscle fibre

A

Slow contracting
Fatigue resistant
Low force

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11
Q

Describe an FR type muscle fibre

A

Faster contracting
Fatigue resistant
Low force

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12
Q

Describe a FF type muscle fibre

A

Fast contracting
Fast fatigue
High force
Poorly vascularised

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13
Q

What is a spinal reflex?

A

Involuntary, unlearned, automatic, repeatable response to a specific stimuli

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14
Q

Are upper motor neurones involved in a reflex?

A

No

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15
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

Encapsulated sense organ found in muscles

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16
Q

What is the function of a muscle spindle?

A

Detects the amount of muscle contraction by monitoring the length of muscle fibres

17
Q

Which neurones are responsible for innervating the muscle spindles?

A

Gamma motor neurones

18
Q

What is the golgi tendon organ?

A

Organ found in the tendons of muscles responsible for detecting the degree of muscle contraction

19
Q

What does the golgi tendon organ prevent?

A

Excessive muscular contractions

They inhibit the antagonistic muscle

20
Q

What is a postural reflex?

A

A reflex which keeps the body upright by making small muscle changes

21
Q

What is a righting reflex?

A

Helps body respond to a rapid loss of balance

22
Q

What is a equilibrium reaction?

A

Affects the body’s centre of gravity

23
Q

What is a protective reflex?

A

Reflexive withdrawal of the body from actual or percieved pain

Semester 5- Neurology (18 decks)

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