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A&P > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of respiration

A
  1. Supply body with O2 for respiration
  2. Dispose CO2
  3. Function in olfaction and speech
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2
Q

Upper anatomy of respiratory system

A

Nose pharynx larynx

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3
Q

Lower anatomy of respiratory system

A

Trachea. Bronchial tree, lungs, alveoli

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4
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Microscopic structures (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli)

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5
Q

Conducting zone

A

Includes all other respiratory structures cleanses warms humidifies air

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6
Q

What helps promote ventilation

A

Diaphragm and other respiratory muscles

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7
Q

Nasal vestibule

A

Lined with skin containing sebaceous and sweat glands

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8
Q

Nasal cavity (5)

A 
Hollow space behind nose
produces mucus
filters 
warms and moistens incoming air
Resonance chamber for speech
Receptors for sense of smell
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9
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food

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10
Q

Larynx

A

Air passageway
Route air and food to proper channels
Voice production
Houses vocals cords

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11
Q

Glottis

A

Opening of larynx

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12
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap coveing glottis when swallowing

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13
Q

Flow of respiratory zone structure

5

A 
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts 
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli clusters
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14
Q

4 distinct processes of respiration

A

Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Transport of respiratory gas
Internal respiration

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15
Q

2 processes that make up respiratory system

A

Pulmonary ventilation

External respiration

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16
Q
  1. Processes that make up the circulatory system
A

Transport of respiratory gases

Internal respiratory

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17
Q

Two phases and pulmonary ventilation

A

Inspiration and expiration

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18
Q

Atmospheric pressure Patm

A

Pressure exerted by air surrounding the body

760mmhg

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19
Q

Pressure relationships in the thoracic cavity

A

Described relative to Patm
(-) respiratory P = <760
(+) respiratory P = >760

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20
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure

A

Pressure in alveoli

21
Q

Pressure that fluctuates with breathing and always eventually equalizes out w/ Patm

A

Intrapulmonary P

22
Q

Intrapleural P

A

Pressure in pleural cavity

23
Q

Pressure that fluctuates with breathing and always a negative pressure

A

Intraplueral P

24
Q

Transpulmonary P

A

(Ppul-Pip)

25
Q

Pressure that keeps airway open

A

Transpulmonary P

26
Q

Greater transpulmonary P =

A

Larger lungs

27
Q

What do the mechanical processes of inspiration and expiration depend on

A

Volume changes in thoracic cavity

28
Q

Boyles Law

A

Relationship between pressure and volume of a gas

29
Q

Relationship between pressure and volume in Boyles law

A

Inversely proportional

30
Q

What happens in Pulmonary inspiration

A 
*Thoracic and intrapulmonary volume increases 
Ppul drops (-1mmhg)
31
Q

Is inspiration active or passive

A

Active

32
Q

What happens in pulmonary expiration

A

Ppul pressure rises

33
Q

Is expiration active or passive

A

Passive

34
Q

What are the three physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation (determines ease up air passage and energy required for ventilation)

A

Airway resistance
Alveolar surface tension
Lung compliance

35
Q

Friction

A

The major nonelastic source of resistance to gas flow in airways

36
Q

Equation for friction

A

Change P/R

37
Q

How is gas driven movement at terminal bronchioles

A

Diffusion

38
Q

Anatomical dead space

A

H

39
Q

Alveolar dead space

A

H

40
Q

Total dead space

A

H

41
Q

2 type of alveolar ventilation

A

Minute ventilation

Alveolar ventilation rate

42
Q

Minute ventilation

A

H

43
Q

Alveolar ventilation rate

A

H

44
Q

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures

A

Total pressure exerted by mixture of gases = sum of pressures exerted by each gas

45
Q

Partial pressure

A

G

46
Q

Henry’s law

A

When a gas mixture is in contact with each individual gas dissolves into the liquid into proportion to its partial pressure

47
Q

Two basic parameters in Henry’s law

A

Solubility temperature

48
Q

Composition of alveolar gas

A

Alveoli contain more CO2 and water vapor than atmospheric air

A&P (5 decks)

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