The Respiratory System

Question 1

Recap what Cellular respiration is

Answer 1

The production of ATP
Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

Question 2

Name functions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

respiration
Regulated PH of blood
Regulate Body temp
role in immune response
sound and speech

Question 3

If CO2 dissolved blood plasma combines with water what is formed

Answer 3

Carbonic acid H2CO3
breathing out controls the bodies PH

Question 4

the respiratory system can be divided into sections. How many?

Answer 4

2. Upper respiratory system & Lower respiratory system

Question 5

What is in the upper respiratoy system

Answer 5

Nose & Nasal cavity
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Vocal Cords)

this then opens into the lower respiratory system

Question 6

What is in the lower respiratory system

Answer 6

Trachea (wind pipe)
Bronchi & Bronchioles
lungs

Question 7

What is the conducting zone

Answer 7

All the structures that conduct (move) air in and out of the lungs:
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.

Question 8

What is the respiratory zone

Answer 8

The tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs:
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.

Question 9

what is the nose made of

Answer 9

skin and cartilage lined with a mucous membrane.

Question 10

Explain the Nasal cavity’s role

Answer 10

Air travels through the nostrils (nares) and into the nasal cavity.

The nose contains 3 conchae (superior, middle and inferior): bones shaped lined with epithelial tissue and full of capillary beds.

These filter, warm and humidify the inhaled air, and allows for olfaction (smelling)

Question 11

What is the Pharynx

Answer 11

Throat

Question 12

Where is the Pharynx located

Answer 12

lies behind the nasal and oral cavities, and is lined with mucous membranes.

Question 13

What are the 3 sections of the Pharynx

Answer 13

The nasopharynx: a passageway forair.
The oropharynx: a passageway for air and food.
The laryngopharynx: connects the pharynx to the larynx.

Question 14

What is the larynx

Answer 14

‘voice box’ connected to the pharynx and the trachea.

Vibration of the chords allows sound shaping speech from the vibrations which travel up the pharynx into the oral cavity

Question 15

what is the Epiglottis

Answer 15

The epiglottis enables us to swallow correctly by ensuring that food passes into our oesophagus (the tube to our stomach) and not into our lungs via the trachea.

Question 16

what is the Thyroid Cartlidge and where is it located

Answer 16

Infront of the Larynx acting as a shield against damage and aids in swallowing and controlling pitch of voice.

Question 17

what is the trachea

Answer 17

‘wind pipe’
connects the larynx to the lungs
surrounded by ring cartilage
splits into 2 sections (left and right lunch)

Question 18

when the trachea splits into the left and right lung entering the lungs what is this called

Answer 18

primary bronchi

Question 19

how many sections do the BRONCHI divide into

Answer 19

3 MAIN sections which expand further increasing the surface area

Question 20

name the sections the bronchi split into

Answer 20

Primary bronchi

secondary bronchi (Lobar bronchi)

Tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchi)

then spits into bronchioles

then terminal bronchioles

Question 21

What is the pleural membrane / pleurae

Answer 21

protective sack surrounding the lungs it has two layers 1 protection 1 with fluid to prevent friction

Question 22

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 22

3

Question 23

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 23

2 - because it makes room for the cardiac cavity

Question 24

what is the cardiac cavity

Answer 24

a sectional space for the heart mainly located on the left side of the lungs

Question 25

how many sections does the pleurae have. and what are they

Answer 25

2. outer parietal and inner visceral pleura

Question 26

Each lobe of the lungs is made up of LOBULES what is it

Answer 26

structures at the end of the bronchial tree SITE OF GAS EXCHANGE ITSELF

contains:
Lymphatic vessels
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles which supply alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

Question 27

What is an Alveoli

Answer 27

AKA pulmonary alveoli

Small sacks of air made of :
Respiratory membrane (thin enough of O2 to diffuse directly across)

Question 28

What is partial pressure

Answer 28

Gas moves from high pressure to low pressure

Question 29

what is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 29

breathing.

Bringing air in and out of the lungs

Question 30

Muscles change the size of the lungs when breathing IN. What happens.

Answer 30

muscles contract
Lungs expand
pressure inside the lungs lower thanatmospheric pressure.
air moves into the lungs.

Question 31

Muscles change the size of the lungs when breathing OUT . What happens.

Answer 31

muscles relax
Lungs contract
pressure inside the lungs higher thanatmospheric pressure.
air moves out of the lungs.

Question 32

What is Intercostal muscles

Answer 32

Muscles between the ribcage and diaphragm. it works to expand and retract the lungs

Question 33

what does the diaphragm do when breathing in

Answer 33

lowers to create more surface area also negative pressure in the lungs

Question 34

what does the diaphragm do when breathing out

Answer 34

rises to help push ‘excrete’ air out of the lungs and creates higher pressure

Question 35

what section connected to the spine and brain is controlling the respiratory centre ‘ system’

Answer 35

medulla

sends signals to the intercostal muscles via the intercostal nerve
sends signals to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve