The Respiratory System Flashcards
Recap what Cellular respiration is
The production of ATP
Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Name functions of the respiratory system
respiration
Regulated PH of blood
Regulate Body temp
role in immune response
sound and speech
If CO2 dissolved blood plasma combines with water what is formed
Carbonic acid H2CO3
breathing out controls the bodies PH
the respiratory system can be divided into sections. How many?
- Upper respiratory system & Lower respiratory system
What is in the upper respiratoy system
Nose & Nasal cavity
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Vocal Cords)
this then opens into the lower respiratory system
What is in the lower respiratory system
Trachea (wind pipe)
Bronchi & Bronchioles
lungs
What is the conducting zone
All the structures that conduct (move) air in and out of the lungs:
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
What is the respiratory zone
The tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs:
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.
what is the nose made of
skin and cartilage lined with a mucous membrane.
Explain the Nasal cavity’s role
Air travels through the nostrils (nares) and into the nasal cavity.
The nose contains 3 conchae (superior, middle and inferior): bones shaped lined with epithelial tissue and full of capillary beds.
These filter, warm and humidify the inhaled air, and allows for olfaction (smelling)
What is the Pharynx
Throat
Where is the Pharynx located
lies behind the nasal and oral cavities, and is lined with mucous membranes.
What are the 3 sections of the Pharynx
The nasopharynx: a passageway forair.
The oropharynx: a passageway for air and food.
The laryngopharynx: connects the pharynx to the larynx.
What is the larynx
‘voice box’ connected to the pharynx and the trachea.
Vibration of the chords allows sound shaping speech from the vibrations which travel up the pharynx into the oral cavity
what is the Epiglottis
The epiglottis enables us to swallow correctly by ensuring that food passes into our oesophagus (the tube to our stomach) and not into our lungs via the trachea.
what is the Thyroid Cartlidge and where is it located
Infront of the Larynx acting as a shield against damage and aids in swallowing and controlling pitch of voice.
what is the trachea
‘wind pipe’
connects the larynx to the lungs
surrounded by ring cartilage
splits into 2 sections (left and right lunch)
when the trachea splits into the left and right lung entering the lungs what is this called
primary bronchi
how many sections do the BRONCHI divide into
3 MAIN sections which expand further increasing the surface area
name the sections the bronchi split into
Primary bronchi
secondary bronchi (Lobar bronchi)
Tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchi)
then spits into bronchioles
then terminal bronchioles
What is the pleural membrane / pleurae
protective sack surrounding the lungs it has two layers 1 protection 1 with fluid to prevent friction
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
how many lobes does the left lung have
2 - because it makes room for the cardiac cavity
what is the cardiac cavity
a sectional space for the heart mainly located on the left side of the lungs
how many sections does the pleurae have. and what are they
- outer parietal and inner visceral pleura
Each lobe of the lungs is made up of LOBULES what is it
structures at the end of the bronchial tree SITE OF GAS EXCHANGE ITSELF
contains:
Lymphatic vessels
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles which supply alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
What is an Alveoli
AKA pulmonary alveoli
Small sacks of air made of :
Respiratory membrane (thin enough of O2 to diffuse directly across)
What is partial pressure
Gas moves from high pressure to low pressure
what is pulmonary ventilation
breathing.
Bringing air in and out of the lungs
Muscles change the size of the lungs when breathing IN. What happens.
muscles contract
Lungs expand
pressure inside the lungs lower thanatmospheric pressure.
air moves into the lungs.
Muscles change the size of the lungs when breathing OUT . What happens.
muscles relax
Lungs contract
pressure inside the lungs higher thanatmospheric pressure.
air moves out of the lungs.
What is Intercostal muscles
Muscles between the ribcage and diaphragm. it works to expand and retract the lungs
what does the diaphragm do when breathing in
lowers to create more surface area also negative pressure in the lungs
what does the diaphragm do when breathing out
rises to help push ‘excrete’ air out of the lungs and creates higher pressure
what section connected to the spine and brain is controlling the respiratory centre ‘ system’
medulla
sends signals to the intercostal muscles via the intercostal nerve
sends signals to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve
