The Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiration occurs in 3 steps

Answer 1

1. Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing): Air goes in and out of the lungs
2. External Respiration: gaseous exchange in the lungs
3. Internal Respiration: gaseous exchange in the tissues

Question 2

Functions of Respiratory System

Answer 2

1. Regulate blood pH
2. Contain receptors for the sense of smell
3. Filters, warms, moistens inhaled air
4. Produces sounds
5. Rids the body’s of some water and heat in exhaled air

Question 3

Functional Anatomy in RS

Answer 3

1. Conducting Zone: series of tubes and cavities that conduct air in and out of the lungs
2. Respiratory Zone: tissues within the lungs where gas exchange happens

Question 4

The Nose functions

Answer 4

warming, moistening and filtering air, olfaction and acting as a resonating chamber

Question 5

What is a passageway for what in pharynx

Answer 5

nasopharynx is a passageway for air
oropharynx is a passageway for air and food

Question 6

The Larynx contains

Answer 6

Thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple)
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
Vocal cords

Question 7

How many lobes does each lung have

Answer 7

Right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has two lobes

Question 8

Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)
-> Contraction and relaxation

Answer 8

Contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles causes changes in air pressure inside the lungs

When the pressure inside the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure, we breath in

When the pressure inside the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure, we breathe out

Question 9

Gaseous Exchange

Air is a mixture of what gases?

Answer 9

nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, and others- each of which contributes to the total air pressure.

The pressure of a specific gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure

Question 10

In external and internal respiration, O2, and CO2 move from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure

Answer 10

External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange) is the exchange of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary blood capillaries

Internal respiration (systemic gas exchange) is the exchange of gases between systemic tissue capillaries and systemic tissue cells

Question 11

Transport of Respiratory Gases

What percentage of oxygen is transported, and is bound to haemoglobin?

Answer 11

98.5% of O2. The rest is dissolved in plasma

Question 12

How is C02 Transported?

Answer 12

70% is converted to bicarbonate ions
23% combines with haemoglobin
7% is dissolved in plasma

Question 13

Respiratory centre, can be divided into two principal areas on the basis of location and function

Answer 13

The medullary respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata

The pontine respiratory group in the pons