Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

Science of structure and relationships among structures

Question 2

Define Physiology

Answer 2

Science of bodily functions (How the body works)

Question 3

Organisation of the Human Body

Answer 3

Chemical- Atoms & Molecules (2+ atoms joined together)

Cellular- Molecules combined are cells

Tissue- Cells joined together to form tissue

Organ- composed of 2+ different types of tissues

System- related organs that have common functions

Organismal- All of the systems of the body combine to make up an organism

Question 4

6 Life Processes

Answer 4

Metabolism- sum of all the chemical processes

Responsiveness- detect and respond to changes in the environment

Movement- Motion of the body

Growth- Increase in body size

Differentiation- processes whereby unspecialised cells become specialised

Reproduction- formation of new cells for repair, replace and growth

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

Maintenance of relatively stable conditions; this is to ensure that the body’s internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body

Question 6

Negative Feedback System

Answer 6

Reverses a change in a controlled condition

Question 7

Positive Feedback System

Answer 7

Strengthens or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions

Question 8

Body Cavities

Answer 8

1. Cranial
2. Thoracic
3. Abdominal
4. Pelvic

Question 9

All cells can be divided into 3 main parts

Answer 9

Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm: cytosol and organelles
Nucleus: contains genetic

Question 10

The human body is composed of how many cells

Answer 10

100 Trillion

Question 11

⅔ of the fluid in your body is contained inside body cells and is called

Answer 11

intracellular fluid

Question 12

Intracellular fluid (ICF)
& Extracellular fluid (ECF) are fluid in what?

Answer 12

Intracellular fluid (ICF)- Fluid in body cells
Extracellular fluid (ECF)- Fluid outside cells

Question 13

Interstitial fluid
Blood plasma
Lymph
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 13

Interstitial fluid- ECF between cells in tissues
Blood plasma- ECF in blood vessels
Lymph- ECF in lymphatic vessels
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Solute & Solvent

Answer 14

Solute- any material dissolved in a fluid
Solvent- fluid that dissolves materials

Question 15

2 methods for substance to move across the cell membrane

Answer 15

Active transport- requires energy from the cell to ‘push’ the substance against the concentration gradient (i.e. from low concentration to high)

Passive processes- substances move along the concentration gradient through the cell membrane (i.e. from high concentration to low)