The Digestive System Flashcards
The GI tract is a continuous tube that extends from where to where
continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
The length of the GI tract
16.5-23ft
Accessory digestive organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Digestion includes 6 basic processes
Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing & Propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
Layers of the GI Tract
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
The mouth has 3 pairs of salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
The stomach has 4 main regions
cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
The surface of the stomach has glands that produce what?
mucus, hydrochloric acid, a pepsin (for protein), intrinsic factor, and gastrin.
what does the pancreas secrete and what do they digest?
They secrete a mixture of fluid and digestive enzymes called pancreatic juice
Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that digest:
-Starch (pancreatic amylase)
-Protein (carboxypeptidase trypsin, chymotrypsin)
-Triglycerides (pancreatic lipase)
Nucleic acids (RNA/DNA)
How many lobes does the liver have
2
what does the gallbladder do
that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
What produces bile
Hepatocytes which is secreted by the liver
What does bile do
Bile’s contribution to digestion is the emulsification of dietary lipids (attack fatty foods)
The liver’s functions
- carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism
- processing of drugs and hormones;
- excretion of bilirubin;
- storage of vitamins and minerals;
- activation of vitamin D
The small intestine extents from what sphincter to the other? And is divided into what sections?
It extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal sphincter.
It is divided into the duodenum (chemical digestion), jejunum (absorption), and ileum (important vitamins absorbed)
