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history > The republican rule - political > Flashcards

The republican rule - political Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the republican rule?

A

1649-53

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2
Q

When was Charles II proclaimed king of Scotland?

A

Immediately after the news of Charles I’s execution reached Scotland in February 1649

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3
Q

Where was Charles II in exile when he has proclaimed king of Scotland?

A

Holland

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4
Q

When was Charles II crowned king of Scotland?

A

1651

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5
Q

What did Ireton want after the execution of Charles I?

A

To dissolve parliament and hold new elections

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6
Q

How was the Rump government made?

A

The MPs who remained at Westminster

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7
Q

When did the Rump assemble?

A

4th January 1649

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8
Q

When was the monarchy and House of Lords abolished?

A

March 1649

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9
Q

When did England declare itself as a Commonwealth?

A

Two months after the monarchy and House of Lords was abolished

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10
Q

How was England going to be governed when it declared itself a Commonwealth?

A

By a single-chamber parliament

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11
Q

What is an example of how the army supressed threats from the Levellers?

A

A mutiny of Leveller soldiers at Burford which resulted in several of their leaders being shot

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12
Q

When was the mutiny of Leveller soldiers supressed at Burford?

A

May 1649

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13
Q

Who did the army supress?

A

Threats from the Levellers and royalists in Ireland and Scotland

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14
Q

What happened when the Council of State turned its attention to the reform of government?

A

The ending of imprisonment for debt and an end to high taxation.

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15
Q

Why did the Council of State want to Reform of the Law?

A

It would help to win over opinion across a range of social classes

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16
Q

Which social classes refused to cooperate with the regime during the Council of State?

A

Many of the greater gentry and nobility

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17
Q

Which social class took over much of the local government during the Council of State?

A

The lesser gentry

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18
Q

When did Charles II attempt to invade?

A

1651

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19
Q

What does Charles II’s lack of support for his invasion attempt suggest?

A

Suggested that a combination of reform and stability from the new regime could succeed in generating the acceptance it needed

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20
Q

Where was Charles II defeated?

A

Battle of Worcester

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21
Q

When was the Hale Commission set up?

A

1651

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22
Q

What was the Hale Commission?

A

Set up to investigate reform of the legal system

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23
Q

How often did the Hale Commission meet?

A

Regularly for a year

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24
Q

Why was the Hale Commission unsuccessful?

A

Its recommendations were never adopted.

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25
Q

How many acts of parliament were passed in 1649?

A

125 Acts of Parliament

26
Q

How many acts of parliament were passed in 1652?

A

51 acts of parliament

27
Q

Why did the Rump have to charge high taxation?

A

Maintenance of the army

28
Q

When did the Rump begin the sale of crown lands to raise money?

A

April 1649

29
Q

Why was there a shortfall in revenue in 1653?

A

Wars in Ireland, Scotland and against the Dutch

30
Q

What was the shortfall in revenue in 1653?

A

A shortfall in revenue

30
Q

What was the shortfall in revenue in 1653?

A

A shortfall in revenue of £700,000

31
Q

When did Cromwell land in Ireland to supress Catholic royalist sympathisers?

A

August 1649

32
Q

How did Cromwell win in supressing Catholic royal sympathisers?

A

Only achieved success after storming the strongholds of Drogheda and Wexford, slaughtering thousands of defenders after they surrendered, and civilians in the process.

33
Q

When did Cromwell arrive in England after supressing Catholic Royal sympathisers in Ireland?

A

1650

34
Q

Who did Cromwell leave in charge to complete the Irish campaign?

A

Ireton

35
Q

Why did Cromwell return to England in 1650?

A

To conquer Scotland

36
Q

When did Cromwell defeat the Scots at Dunbar?

A

September 1650

37
Q

What did Charles II do after Cromwell defeated the Scots in 1650?

A

Led his army south a year later, hoping to gain support, but a dispirited army was defeated by Cromwell at Worcester

38
Q

When did Cromwell defeat Charles at Worcester?

A

3rd September 1651

39
Q

When was the first Anglo-Dutch war?

A

1652-54

40
Q

What was the monthly assessment raised to in order to pay for the construction of warships in the first Anglo-Dutch War?

A

£90,000

41
Q

When did Cromwell dissolve the Rump?

A

1653

42
Q

Why did Cromwell dissolve the Rump?

A

MPs had taken the decision to hold new elections in order to replace those MPs who had been excluded or had chosen to stay away. Elections would have increased the representation of conservative views, and Cromwell was aware that any chance of further reforms would disappear.

43
Q

When was the nominated assembly?

A

1653

44
Q

What was the nominated assembly?

A

Cromwell formed a committee of four generals which asked the independent churches to nominate members for a new parliament that would become known as the nominated assembly

45
Q

What did the council of officers do once that nominated assembly members had been nominated?

A

The council of officers added several more names

46
Q

What was the nominated assembly reduced down to?

A

140

47
Q

What was the purpose of the nominated assembly?

A

To enact a godly reformation

48
Q

What was the nickname for the nominated assembly?

A

The ‘Barebones Parliament’

49
Q

Who made up most of the barebones parliament?

A

The lesser gentry

50
Q

What were the lesser gentry views?

A

Conservative by nature and had little interest in godly reforms

51
Q

What reforms were made in the barebones parliament?

A
  1. The war with the Dutch was continued
  2. Legal measures to help debtors were introduced
  3. Regulations concerning the treatment of lunatics introduced
  4. Civil marriage allowed, officiated by JPs
52
Q

Why did the nominated assembly continue the war with the Dutch?

A

The members of the assembly were aware of the need to secure trade routes

53
Q

What was the radical minority in the nominated assembly known as?

A

Fifth monarchists

54
Q

How did the radical ‘saints’ feel in the nominated assembly?

A

Felt they could not work with the ‘sinners’ of the conservative gentry

55
Q

What were the propertied members of the nominated assembly unhappy about?

A

Unhappy at the suggestion that the Assembly abolish tithes, which were often key to their financial well-being.

56
Q

When was the nominated assembly voted to be dissolved?

A

December 1653

57
Q

Who voted to dissolve the nominated assembly?

A

The more moderate members met and voted to dissolve the assembly

58
Q

How produced the Instrument of Government?

A

Major-General John Lambert

59
Q

When was the Instrument of Government produced?

A

Three days after the nominated assembly was voted to be dissolved

60
Q

What was the instrument of government?

A

Offered a new constitution formalised in a protectorate with government by a single person in Oliver Cromwell and a parliament designed by Lambert

61
Q

What was the Instrument of Government modelled on?

A

The Heads of the Proposals

history (3 decks)

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