The Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Reproduction

A

Formation of new individuals. Purpose is to produce new individuals to ensure survival of the species

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Involves two individuals donating genetic information to their offspring in the next generation (in humans, 23 chromosomes were donated by the male and 23 chromosomes by the female)

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Happens in lower organisms and plants. Genetic information is copied and cell devision happens to produce new cells. The result will be that the new individual has the same DNA as the original (a clone of the original is produced). A plant cutting can grow into a new individual that will have the exact same DNA as the original individual from which the cutting was taken.

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4
Q

Puberty

A

A phase in life when changes in the body happen as a result of hormones. In humans, puberty happens in the teen years. Purpose of this process is to prepare the body for sexual reproduction

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5
Q

Pituitary gland

A

LH-ovaries. In brain. Releases hormones and controls other glands

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6
Q

Testosterone

A

Male hormone, high levels in males cause the changes during puberty. Produced in the testes

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7
Q

Oestrogen

A

Female hormone. High levels in females that cause the changes during puberty. Produces in the ovaries

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8
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A

Body changes during puberty. Changes include growth of pubic hair, deepening of a man’s voice, breasts developing in women

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9
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of the egg cell (ovum) from the ovary into the oviduct

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10
Q

Fertilisation

A

A male gamete (sperm cell) joins with the female gamete (egg cell/ovum)

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11
Q

Menstruation

A

If an egg is not fertilized, the thick lining of the uterus breaks down and comes out of the body as a bloody liquid (with the unused egg). Lasts about 5 days(your period)

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12
Q

Copulation

A

Process of sexual intercourse where the penis is inserted into the vagina and sperm in released

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13
Q

Erection

A

The spongy tissue in the penis fills with blood at a high pressure and becomes longer and stiff

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14
Q

Ejaculation

A

The release of semen

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15
Q

Gestation

A

Time taken for fetus to develop fully from fertilization till birth (9 months in humans)

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16
Q

Implantation

A

The embryo attaches itself to the lining of the uterus

17
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

A liquid contained in the placenta

18
Q

Placenta

A

The sack like organs that forms in the uterus during pregnancy; it is attached to the wall of the wall of the uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients for the fetus through the um biblical cord.