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Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Our survival depends on us being sensitive to our surroundings. We need to be able to detect any changes and be able to respond to them.

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Senses

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3
Q

Central Nervous System

A

CNS- controls everything (brain and spinal cord)

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

PNS- sends information from and to CNS
Cranial and spinal nerves

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5
Q

Senses

A

Collect information about changes in the external or internal environment

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6
Q

What are the 5 senses?

A

Sight
Hearing
Taste
Touch
Smell

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7
Q

What is the stimulus for: sight

A

Light

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8
Q

What is the stimulus for: hearing

A

Soundwaves
Vibration

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9
Q

What is the stimulus for: taste

A

Chemical

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10
Q

What is the stimulus for: touch

A

Temperature
Pressure
Pain receptor

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11
Q

What is the stimulus for: smell

A

Chemical

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12
Q

What is the sense organ for: sight

A

Eyes

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13
Q

What is the sense organ for: hearing

A

Ears

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14
Q

What is the sense organ for: taste

A

Tounge

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15
Q

What is the sense organ for: touch

A

Skin

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16
Q

What is the sense organ for: smell

A

Nose

17
Q

Name of nerve cells which make up the nervous system

A

Neurons

18
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Motor neuron
Sensory neuron
Interneuron

19
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carries impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands

20
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carries impulses from the sense organs to the CNS

21
Q

Interneuron

A

Connects sensory neurons and motor neurons

22
Q

Dendrite

A

Recieve messages or impulses
Looks like branches

23
Q

Axon

A

Carries impulses
Looks like branch

24
Q

Axon terminal

A

Looks like branches with buds

25
Q

Cell body at the top

A

Motor neuron (looks like)

26
Q

Cell body in the middle

A

Interneuron (looks like)

27
Q

Cell body at the side

A

Sensory neuron (looks like)

28
Q

What is the brain protected by?

A

3 membranes
-cerebrospinal fluid- spread shock, carry messages
-skull (cranium)

29
Q

Cerebrum

A

-Centre of intelligence and allows us to think, reson and remember
-processes information for the sensations of seeing, hearing, smelling,tasting and touching
-controls emotions like fear,love and anger
-controls voluntary movements of the muscles of the limbs, neck, tounge and eyes

30
Q

Cerebellum

A

-Coordinates movement of muscles during walking, running, playing etc
-helps maintain balance of the body during standing, walking, running, playing

31
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

-brainstem connects the spinal cord with the brain
- controls vital automatic activities like breathing, heartbeat and digestion
-transmits impulses between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain

32
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

An irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and eventually the ability to carry out simple tasks

33
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling

34
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Is a severe mental disorder that can result in hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior

35
Q

Paraplegic

A

Paralysis in both lower limbs due to spinal injury or disease

36
Q

Alcohol

A

Slows does reflexes and coordination and affects judgement. Many people die in alcohol related car accidents

37
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase heart rate and breathing. E.g nicotine, coffee, tea, cola

38
Q

Cocaine

A

(Stimulant) causes the release of dopamine which produces feelings of pleasure

39
Q

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

Mental and physical abnormalities occur as a result of high levels of alcohol consumption by pregnant mothers

Biology (4 decks)

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