The reproductive level 6.2 The Cell Cycle

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

the stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other

Question 2

cell cycle

Answer 2

the ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between one cell division and the next

Question 3

cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 3

mechanisms that monitor the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the various cell cycle stages

Question 4

cell plate

Answer 4

a structure formed during plant-cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles fusing at the metaphase plate; will ultimately lead to formation of a cell wall to separate the two daughter cells

Question 5

centriole

Answer 5

a paired rod-like structure constructed of microtubules at the center of each animal cell centrosome

Question 6

cleavage furrow

Answer 6

a constriction formed by the actin ring during animal-cell cytokinesis that leads to cytoplasmic division

Question 7

cytokinesis

Answer 7

the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two daughter cells

Question 8

G0 phase

Answer 8

a cell-cycle phase distinct from the G1 phase of interphase; a cell in G0 is not preparing to divide

Question 9

G1 phase

Answer 9

(also, first gap) a cell-cycle phase; first phase of interphase centered on cell growth during mitosis

Question 10

G2 phase

Answer 10

(also, second gap) a cell-cycle phase; third phase of interphase where the cell undergoes the final preparations for mitosis

Question 11

interphase

Answer 11

the period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases; the interim between two consecutive cell divisions

Question 12

kinetochore

Answer 12

a protein structure in the centromere of each sister chromatid that attracts and binds spindle microtubules during prometaphase

Question 13

metaphase plate

Answer 13

the equatorial plane midway between two poles of a cell where the chromosomes align during metaphase

Question 14

metaphase

Answer 14

the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate

Question 15

mitosis

Answer 15

the period of the cell cycle at which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 16

mitotic phase

Answer 16

the period of the cell cycle when duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and the cytoplasmic contents are divided; includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 17

mitotic spindle

Answer 17

the microtubule apparatus that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Question 18

prometaphase

Answer 18

the stage of mitosis during which mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores

Question 19

prophase

Answer 19

the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form

Question 20

quiescent

Answer 20

describes a cell that is performing normal cell functions and has not initiated preparations for cell division

Question 21

S phase

Answer 21

the second, or synthesis phase, of interphase during which DNA replication occurs

Question 22

telophase

Answer 22

the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are surrounded by new nuclear envelopes