The Renal System - LO5 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the principle functions of the urinary system?
A
- Filter blood and produce urine.
- Regulate blood composition and volume.
- Control osmoregulation.
- Maintain homeostasis.
2
Q
What is the anatomy of the kidney?
A
- Bean-shaped.
- Located against the back of the abdomen.
- Comprised of renal capsule, cortex, and medulla.
- Left kidney slightly higher than the right.
3
Q
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A
The nephron
4
Q
What is ultrafiltration, and where does it occur?
A
- Ultrafiltration is the blood filtering process.
- It occurs in the glomerulus, which is a knot of capillaries.
5
Q
Where does tubular reabsorption occur, and what does it involve?
A
- It occurs in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and loop of Henle.
- It involves the reabsorption of useful constituents of glomerular filtrate.
6
Q
What is osmotic pressure, and how does it affect the kidney’s function?
A
- Osmotic pressure increases with reabsorption, influencing water movement.
- It affects the kidney’s ability to maintain blood pressure
7
Q
What is the final part of the nephron tubule, and what structures does urine pass through afterward?
A
- The collecting duct.
- Urine passes through the minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra.
8
Q
How does the kidney maintain fluid balance, and what role do hormones play?
A
- The kidney adjusts salt and water reabsorption.
- Hormones like ADH, aldosterone, and angiotensin play crucial roles in regulation.
9
Q
Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its impact on blood pressure.
A
- Renin is secreted in response to low blood pressure.
- It leads to the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone, which increase blood pressure.
10
Q
How is micturition controlled, and what is its significance?
A
- Micturition is controlled by involuntary and voluntary muscle contractions.
- It allows for bladder emptying and is regulated by sensory impulses.
