The Renal System Flashcards
How do diuretic drugs usually work
They interfere with the ionic transport within the nephron
What is natriuresis
Increase in Na+ excretion
What does type 4 carbonic anhydrase do
Converts carbonic acid to water and CO2 in the proximal tubule
What do loop diuretics do and how do they work
They block the Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter causing 15-25% of filtered Na+ to be excreted
Where is sodium removed in the kidney and in what proportions
60-70% in the proximal convoluted tubule, 25% is removed in the loop of henle leaving only around 1% n the collecting duct
What system is involved in regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What can stimulate the release of renin
- reduced perfusion pressure in arteriole
- increased sympathetic nerve activity in fibres innervating afferent arterioles
- decreased Na+ concentration flowing through the distal convoluted tubule
What is another name for antidiuretic hormone
Vasopressin
Roughly how many nephrons are there in a human kidney
1.5 million
What do macula densa cells do
Sense pressure and flow in the distal convoluted tubule and affect the amount of blood moving into the glomerulus
What is globular filtration rate dependent on
Capillary permeability
Hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure in the tubules
Osmotic pressure in capillaries
Osmotic pressure in the tubules
How many renal pyramids are there in the kidney
7
What is the main difference between plasma and interstitial fluid
The conc of proteins is much higher in the plasma
Roughly how much blood do kidneys filter per day
200L
