The Renal and Urinary System

Question 1

Name the main parts of the urinary system

Answer 1

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

Question 2

Where are the kidneys positioned?

Answer 2

Retroperitoneal position - behind the peritoneal lining in the abominal cavity

Question 3

Name the 3 tissue layers of the kidneys

Answer 3

Renal Capsule, Adipose Capulse, Renal Fascia

Question 4

Name the 3 classifications of the kidney functions

Answer 4

Excretory, regulatory and metabolic

Question 5

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 5

Nephron

Question 6

How many nephrons in each kidney?

Answer 6

1 million

Question 7

Name the 2 main components of the nephron

Answer 7

Renal Corpuscle, and Renal Tubule

Question 8

Where is the corpuscle situated?

Answer 8

In the cortex of the kidney

Question 9

Where does the tubule project into?

Answer 9

The renal medulla

Question 10

Name the 3 functions of the nephron

Answer 10

Filteration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 11

What does the Renal Corpuscle consist of?

Answer 11

Glomerulus and Glomerular (Bowmans) Capsule.

Question 12

What are the four main sections of the Renal Tubule?

Answer 12

Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubule, Collecting Ducts

Question 13

How many sphincters does the bladder have and what are they called?

Answer 13

2: internal and external

Question 14

Name the three tissue layers of the ureters

Answer 14

outer Fibrous Tissue, ,middle Muscular Layer, inner Mucosa Layer

Question 15

What is the process call in which the ureters cause contractions to propel the urine to the bladder?

Answer 15

Peristaltic waves

Question 16

What is the full name of ADH?

Answer 16

Anti Diuretic Hormone

Question 17

What does ADH regulate?

Answer 17

Urine Output

Question 18

Which gland secretes ADH?

Answer 18

Pituitary gland

Question 19

How does ADH regulate urine output?

Answer 19

Causes kidneys to retain more water by increasing the permeability of the tubules of the kidney through which urine flow

Question 20

What does Renin regulate?

Answer 20

Sodium, water levels and blood pressure

Question 21

What does Renin convert to?

Answer 21

Angiotensin (1&2)

Question 22

Which part of the brain detects that there is not enough water in the blood?

Answer 22

Hypothalamus

Question 23

Where is renin synthesized, stored and secreted?

Answer 23

juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney

Question 24

What happens when renin is secreted and what does this cause?

Answer 24

Vasoconstriction and the stimulation of aldosterone release. This results in Blood Pressure increase

Question 25

What does Aldosterone hormone do?

Answer 25

causes sodium reabsorption and retention, which causes water reabsorption and retention, restoring blood volume and pressure.

Question 26

What gland releases the Aldosterone hormone?

Answer 26

Adrenal glands

Question 27

The nephron is

Answer 27

the functional unit of the kidney

Question 28

The function of the macula densa cells is to

Answer 28

monitor NaCl concentration in the filtrate

Question 29

Atrial naturiuretic peptide works to:

Answer 29

inhibit the effects of aldosterone

Question 30

If the level of aldosterone in the blood increases, then

Answer 30

less sodium is excreted in the urine

Question 31

The most important function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is to

Answer 31

secrete renin in response to decreased renal blood pressure or blood flow

Question 32

From the distal convoluted tubule, filtrate will then be carried to the

Answer 32

collecting duct

Question 33

Increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation of afferent arterioles results in

Answer 33

decreased filtrate production

Question 34

The function of the macula densa cells is to

Answer 34

monitor NaCl concentration in the filtrate

Question 35

What anchors the kidneys to it’s surrounding structures?

Answer 35

Renal Fascia

Question 36

The renal sinus is

Answer 36

an internal cavity lined by fibrous capsule