The Renaissance to Post Impressionism Flashcards
Italian Renaissance
14th-16th centuries, means rebirth
Northern Renaissance
15th-16th centuries
Baroque (Italian and Northern)
17th century
Rococo
18th century
Neoclassicism
18th century
Romanticism
19th century
Realism
19th century
Impressionism
19th century
Post-Impressionism
19th century
Fresco
a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.
Linear Perspective
a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.
Sfumato
the technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.
Triptych
a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.
Polyptych
a painting, typically an altarpiece, consisting of more than three leaves or panels joined by hinges or folds.
Grisaille
a method of painting in gray monochrome, typically to imitate sculpture.
Woodcut print
Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper.
Engraving
the process or art of cutting or carving a design on a hard surface, esp. so as to make a print.
Memento mori
an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull.
Genre scene
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life.
Daguerreotypes
a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapor.
Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 °C (2,192 °F) and 1,400 °C (2,552 °F).
Mihrab
a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray.
Minaret
a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.
Birth of the Renaissance The “Proto Renaissance”
Late 13th-14th centuries

GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Madonna Enthroned, ca. 14th century Proto Ren.
DONATELLO, David, 15th century Itallian Ren.
MASACCIO, Tribute Money, Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmin, 15th century Itallian Ren.
Mona Lisa, “La Gioconda,” early 16th Century, Leonardo DaVinchi
Raphael, Madonna of the Meadow, 16th century Itallian Ren.
Michelangelo Buonarro_, David, 1501-1504 Itallian Ren.
JAN VAN EYCK, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife, 15th century, oil on panel. Flanders and Burgundy. Northern Ren.
Gutenberg and the printing press
ca.1450
Books more available to the masses.
Cheaper form of paper made from pulp, books made faster, mass-produced.
Used woodcuts or relief prints.
Northern Ren.
ALBRECHT DÜRER, Knight, Death and the Devil, 16th century, Northern Ren.
Caravaggio, Conversion of S. Paul, ca. 1600
Scene of conversion to christianity, popular during the Baroque Period.
Sending the message that anyone can convert to Christianity; no matter how bad you can still be welcomed into the church.
Tenebrism- spotlight effect, infinite background
Emotional, active scene.
Baroque
Psychology, Bernini, David, 17th century
Gifted Marble sculpture (Bernini).
Sculpture displaying emotion.
Baroque
PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, 17th century Baroque
Jan Vermeer, The Kitchen Maid, c 17th century Northern Baroque
18th Century: Rococo
- Reaction to Baroque
- Scenes of frivolity and romance
• Pastel colors
- Sensuous forms
- Open set in lush landscapes
- Appeals to aristocracy
Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, 18th Century Rococo
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Hora1i, 18th century neoclassicism
19th Century: Romanticism
- Approx. 1800-1850
- Reaction to Neoclassicism
- Believes imagination and feeling is greater than reason and thinking
- Celebrates nature over civilization
- Wants to capture the “sublime”- feelings of awe mixed with terror
Francisco Goya, Third of May, 1808, 19th century, Romanticism
Realism
• Depicts ordinary existence without idealism, exo1cism, or nostalgia
• Reac1on to Neoclassicism and Roman1cism
• Dislike Academic focus on historical, mythical,
and grand subject maOer
• Believe art should represent only what can be observed
Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 19th century
Depicted working class how they really were 5 1/2 x 11 ft. very large painting trying to make us sympathize with working figures, made them faceless so we could relate to them (they could be anyone). Workers revolution going on 1849, Marx also publishes communist manifesto igniting thought change.
Edouard Manet, Le Dejeuner sur I’Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 19th century, displayed Salon des Refuses (Salon of the Rejects) Realism
Daguerre, Le Boulevard du Temple, 19th Century Realism
Impressionism: 1860s and 1870s
- Ar1sts seek to capture the “impression” of a scene
- Focus on color, light, and weather
- O>en painted “en plein air”
- Objec1ve scenes of daily life
- “Snapshots”
Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise 19th century Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
- Loosely associated ar1sts who follow Impressionism
- Scenes of daily life and nature
- Interest in form (some1mes distorted)
- Vivid colors (some1mes unnatural)
- Styles becomes more individualized
Georges Seurat, Sunday on la Grande Jatte, late 19th century
Terre Cotta Warriors, China , ca. 210 BCE
Personal army to the emperor
honored the emperor because he unified China into almost its present day reach.
marching with the emperor in the afterlife to protect him
multiple chambers modeled after his palace
various pieces made in an assembly line.
Hokusai, The Great Wave, ca. 19th century.
Great Mosque, Kairouan, Tunisia, 836 bc
inside the prayer hall, Great Mosque, Kairouan, horseshoe arches
Mihrab, Iran ca. 1354, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
No human figures.
more advanced in terms of science and technology, thinking of patters and geometry
text used as decoration taken from the Qur’an expressing the value of building Mosques.
