The Reformation

Question 1

Under the Presbyterian form of church government, the church is governed by…

Answer 1

ministers

The Protestant church in Scotland is called the Presbyterian Church because the presbyters, or ministers, govern it

Question 2

which of the fallowing did NOT come from the Anabaptist tradition?

a) congregationalist
b) Puritans
c) Quakers
d) Jesuits

Answer 2

d) Jesuits

The Jesuits, a Catholic service order, had been founded to combat the beliefs of people such as the Anabaptist

Question 3

According to Luther, salvation comes through…

a) good works
b) faith
c) indulgence
d) a saintly life

Answer 3

b) faith

Luther believed that salvation comes through faith alone; faith is the free and arbitrary gift of god

Question 4

The cornerstone of Calvin’s theology was his belief in…

a) predestination
b) indulgence
c) the basic goodness of
man
d) religious tolerance and freedom

Answer 4

a) predestination

(For Calvin, people were insignificant, whether good or evil; the cornerstone of his belief system was predestination)

• The divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others.

Question 5

John Knox and the Reformation movement in Scotland were most influences by?

Answer 5

Calvinism

Knox had studied and worked with Calvin in Geneva and brought Calvin’s theology to Scotland

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT identified with corrupt practices in the early-sixteenth-century church?

a) Pluralism
b) The Brethren
of the Common Life
c) Pope Alexander VI
d) Absenteeism

Answer 6

b) The Brethren
of the Common Life

(The Brethren of the Common Life was a society of pious lay people found in Holland in the late fourteenth century which stressed spirituality and simplicity)

Question 7

which of the following clearly did NOT support Luther?

a) The German peasants
b) The German nobility
c) Charles V
d) Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 7

c) Charles V

Charles V, Holly Roman Emperor, had Luther declared an outlaw of the Empire at Charles’ first date at Worms in 1521

Question 8

Why Henry VIII allow religious reformation to occur in England?

Answer 8

Mostly For Political Reasons

Question 9

The Reformation in Germany resulted in…

Answer 9

A politically weaker Germany

(The competition between Catholic Emperor Charles V and the German princes, exacerbated by the Hapsburg Valois wars, added to the political fragmentation of Germany)

Question 10

How did the great Christian humanist of the Fifteenth and sixteenth centuries believe the reform could be achieved?

Answer 10

Education and Social change

The Christian humanist, believed that reform could be achieved through education and social change

Question 11

What was the reasoning behind Luther’s posting of the 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church?

Answer 11

Luther’s 95 theses was a direct resonance to the sale of indulgence held by Archbishop Albert to pay for his new benefices.

Question 12

What was the reasons for the German peasant revolt in 1525?

Answer 12

they wanted to:
1) Abolish serfdom 
2) Reform the clergy
3) Put an end to taxes and 
   tithes 

(Luther condemned the uprising… He only wanted to reform the church, not break from it)

Question 13

what are some reasons for Luther’s success?

Answer 13

1) The development of the printing press
2) His appeal to the nobility and middle class
3) A strong command for language

Question 14

Who was the Holly Roman Emperor who tried to suppress the Lutheran revolt?

Answer 14

Charles V

He had Luther declared n outlaw of the Empire

Question 15

where In Europe has the protestant reformation not spread to by 1555?

Answer 15

Spain

Spain was the home of Charles V and practiced strict Roman Catholicism

Question 16

What was the center of the Protestant reformation during the sixteenth century?

Answer 16

Geneva

Drew religious reformers from all over Europe and was to spark man Imitations

Question 17

Who did the Anabaptist appeal to?

a) The nobility
b) The poor, uneducated,
and unemployed
c) The intellectuals
d) The merchant classes

Answer 17

b) The poor, uneducated,
and unemployed

(The Anabaptist, with their message of pacifism and communal living, appealed to the dispossessed: the poor, unemployed, and uneducated)

Question 18

Why did Henry VIII dissolve the monastery?

Answer 18

He needed the wealth that they would bring

He wanted the wealth of the monasteries, which moved him to seize them

Question 19

Which religious beliefs most greatly influenced the Scandinavian countries?

Answer 19

Lutheranism

In Scandinavia, the monarchs had taken the lead in the religious reformation, which explains the influence of Luther

Question 20

What makes the Jesuits different from the other religious faiths at the time?

Answer 20

Obedience to the pope

(All Jesuits novitiates took the traditional vows of poverty, Chasity and obedience; it was the special vow of obedience to the pope that distinguishes the Jesuits)

Question 21

What did Luther’s German translation of the New Testament do?

Answer 21

Democratized Religion. The invention of the printing press and Luther’s talent with the German language, as well as his belief that everyone should read the bible.

Question 22

The marriage of Maximilian of Habsburg and Mary of Burgundy in 1477 was a decisive event in the early modern history in that…

a) Austria became an
international power
b)France emerged as the leading continental power
c) England became tied to Spain
d) German principals became tied to Austria

Answer 22

a) Austria became an
international power

(The Austrian Habsburgs were already the most powerful ruling house in Germany)

Question 23

Who wrote “The Institution of the Christian Religion” and did the most to internationalize Protestantism?

Answer 23

John Calvin

Calvin wrote the book and was the most responsible for internalization of Protestantism

Question 24

Henry VIII of England’s devorce from his wife Catherine was Complicated by the fact that Catherine’s nephew was…?

a) The pope
b) The Emperor, Charles V
c) The king of France
d) The leader of the England Parliament

Answer 24

b) The Emperor, Charles V

Question 25

Who Published the “Index of prohibition Books”?

Answer 25

The Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office of the pope

The “Index” was published in Rome by the Sacred Congressional as part of their efforts to combat Protestantism

Question 26

What are the “Indulgence” and the “Sale of Indulgence”

Answer 26

An indulgence is “a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins.” It may reduce the “temporal punishment for sin” after death. The Catholic Church sold these in exchange for money.

Question 27

What is a sacrament?

Answer 27

A sacrament is a Christian rite recognized as of particular importance and significance. There are various views on the existence and meaning of such rites.

Question 28

Did Protestant groups condone the use of art?

Answer 28

Some did while others didn’t,
Martin Luther thought that art would be good for the illiterate and uneducated people to understand religion, but other Protestant leaders like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli believed that only “the word of god” should be used to try and spread religion.

Question 29

How did Luther see his connection to god?

Answer 29

In Lutheranism, the connection to God is personal as opposed to Catholicism, where you have middlemen (Priests, Bishops, Popes) between oneself and god.

Question 30

Who is Anna Jansz?

Answer 30

Anna Jansz was executed in Rotterdam, Germany in 1538. She was a key martyr of the Anabaptist movement.

Question 31

Anticlericalism

Answer 31

Opposition to the clergy

Question 32

What are indulgences?

Answer 32

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, it was widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins

Question 33

Who are Protestants?

Answer 33

Followers of Luther, which came to mean all non catholic western Christian groups

Question 34

What is the Spanish Armada?

Answer 34

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. weather and the English fleet defeated it.

Question 35

What is predestination?

Answer 35

The belief that God had determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not just their merit and works

Question 36

Who are Jesuits?

Answer 36

Members of the society of Jesus, founded by Ingnatious Loyola, whose goal was to spread of the Roman Catholic faith.

Question 37

What are Huguenots?

Answer 37

French Calvinists. Politicizes Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong central monarchy could save France from total collapse.

Question 38

What is the Edict of Nantes?

Answer 38

A document issued by Henry the IV of France in 1598 granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.

Question 39

What is the Union of Utrecht?

Answer 39

The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) they declared its independence from Spain and formed the united Provences of the Netherlands.