The R-OH Flashcards
Alkene to ROH
Reflux with H2SO4 followed by warm water
Alkaline hydrolysis pf [] gives ROH
RX —(Na/KOH and reflux)—> ROH + Na/KX
1° ROH from aldehyde
Reflux with aq NaBH4 or LiAlH4 in dry ether
Ketone to ROH
Reflux with aq NaBH4 or LiAlH4 in dry ether
Alcohol from RCOOH or derivative
Reflux with LiAlH4 in dry ether
Conditions for ester hydrolysis
Reflux with H+ or OH-
Eq using RCOOR of alkaline and acid hydrolysis
H+. RCOOR + H2O -> ROH + RCOOH
OH-. RCOOR + OH- -> ROH + RCOO-
ROH from griniards
RMgX + carbonyl in dry ether
Followed by aq workup
Will Na2Cao3 Rn with alcohols
Alcohols will show no reaction
Will alcohols react with Na
As acids yes
Oxidation of primary ROH
Reflux with H+/MnO4- to give aldehyde then carboxylic acid
To stop at aldehyde during oxidation
Add Cr2O7.2- dropwise and distill off the aldehyde as soon as it forms
Ketone from alcohol
Oxidise via acidified potassium permanganate and reflux
Conditions for the Iodoform
+I2 in c.NaOH
What alcohols will react in iodoform
Those with CH3-CH(R)-OH
In iodoform, the alcohol will give
The iodoform and carboxylate
In iodoform I2 will become
Iodoform and I-
Conditions for ROH esterification
+RCOOH + concentrated H2SO4 and reflux
Iodination or Bromination of alcohols
Reflux with Red P and X2
Or
Reflux with HX - HCl needs ZnCl2 catalyst
ROH chlorination
Reflux with PCl5/PCl3/SOCl2
Alcohol to -ene
+ H3PO4 @ 200°C
Dehydration with H2SO4 @ 140°C of ROH
Gives ethers
CO and H2 to methanol
CO + 2H2 with ZnO and Cr2O3 catalysts @ 300°C
Ethene steam hydration
Ethene + steam @300°C and 60-70 atm with SiO2 coated with H3PO4 for catalyst
