Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

Question 1

Conditions for RCOONa -> RH + Na2CO3

Answer 1

Heating in Soda Lime (NaOH + CaO)

Question 2

Wurtz Dehalogenation

Answer 2

Heat with Metallic Na in an inert environment

Question 3

Equation for Wurtz using RX

Answer 3

2RX + 2Na -> R-R + 2NaX

Question 4

Haloalkane reduction to -ane (conditions)

Answer 4

Zn/Cu couple in ethanol

Question 5

What is the structure of a griniard

Answer 5

RMgX

Eg: CH3MgCl

Question 6

Hydrolysis of a Griniard gives []

Answer 6

RH + MgXOH - Mg(2+) + X(-) + OH(-)

Question 7

Catalyst for Unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation

Answer 7

Raney Ni @RT

Question 8

ROH or RCOOH to -ane

Answer 8

Red P + c HI (very agressive reduction)

Question 9

How to prepare methane from Inorganic Carbon

Answer 9

Al4C3 + 12H2O -> 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3

Question 10

Alkane combustion general equation

Answer 10

CaHb - (a+b/4)O2 -> aCO2 + b/2H2O

Question 11

Dehydration of alcohols to -enes

Answer 11

C. H2SO4 @ 180°C
C.H3PO4 @ 200°C
Al2O3 @ 400°C

Question 12

RX dehydrohalogenation

Answer 12

Reflux with alcoholic KOH

Question 13

Alkene Hydrogenation

Answer 13

Raney Ni @ 150°C -ane

Question 14

Conditions for Halogenation via electrophilic addition

Answer 14

In CCl4 @RT

Question 15

-ene to ROH

Answer 15

+H2SO4 followed by warm water

@RT

Question 16

-ene to -diol

Answer 16

+ Cold alkaline KMnO4 (test for unsaturation)

Question 17

Ozonolysis conditions

Answer 17

+O3 @ T<20° in inert solvent

+H(+) and Zn

Question 18

What is the compsition of the Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, and the conditions for alkene addition polymerisation

Answer 18

R3Al +TiCl4

2-6 atm @20°C

Question 19

Conditions for -yne double vicinal dehydrohalogenation

Answer 19

Reflux with alcoholic KOH

Question 20

Ethyne from CaCl2

Answer 20

Hydrolysis

CaCl2 + 2H2O -> Ethyne + Ca(OH)2

Question 21

-yne to -ane

Answer 21

Raney Ni @ 150°C

Question 22

-yne to -ene

Answer 22

Use Li dlar Catalyst [Pd on CaCO3 treated with (CH3COO)2Pb] @ 250°C

Question 23

-yne Halogenation via HX gives []

Answer 23

Dihalo

Question 24

-yne Halogenation using X2 gives []

Answer 24

Tetrahalo

Question 25

Conditions for -yne halogenation

Answer 25

In CCl4 @ RT

Question 26

-yne to an -enol (alcohol with a double bond by C with OH

Answer 26

+H20 in dilute H2SO4 + HgSO4 @60°C

Question 27

Definition of tautomers is

Answer 27

Isomers which can interconvert readily via the movement pf H+ and double bond

Question 28

ethenol tautomerises to

Answer 28

Ketones

Question 29

Class of compounds that readily undergoes tautomerism

Answer 29

Enols

Question 30

Requirements for -ynes to behave slightly acidic

Answer 30

Those with a x3 bond by the edge

Question 31

What colour is Cu+ -CC- +Cu

Answer 31

Red-orange

Question 32

What colour is Ag+ -CC- +Ag

Answer 32

A pale yellow colour

Question 33

Ethyne - benzene

Answer 33

Heat in a sealed vacuum tube