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RE Islam SZU AS > The Quran > Flashcards

The Quran Flashcards

1
Q

Summarise how the Quran was revealed, relation it has to people, role of the prophet:

A
  • Revealed directly from god to prophet
  • Acts as a guide/rule book to life
  • Holds importance, muslims believe its the Kalam of allah
  • came about 14000 years ago
  • Compiled from own memory + 2 witnesses present at the time
  • Includes stories of prophets + reminders of ONENESS of allah
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2
Q

Summarise what happened on laylat al qadr, the 3 stages + the quran getting revealed:

A
  • Laylat ul qadr is the night of power
  • It was when the Whole of Quran fell into the heart of the prophet
  • The day the prophet cimpleted his quest was completed, he became the Quran

3 stages:

1- The whole quran was infused in prophets heart through angel gabriel

2- Prophets soul expressed the divine inspiration + revealed the text

3- Revealed speech recorded in his lieftime + formed in a written scripture

  • Quran shpuld not be referred to as a “book”, turns it meaningless
  • This night is better than a thousand months
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3
Q

Summarise the authority the quran has for Muslims:

A
  • believe no one has authority over quran because they’re the literal words of Allah
  • It’s the faithful record of what the prophet claimed the revelations were from god
  • The arabic text is knows as the most authentic text of the Quran
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4
Q

summarise the organisation of the Quran:

A
  • Has 114 Surahs
  • 30 equal parts (juz)
  • Arrangement if the Quran was determined by the prophet. Suitable for all the times to come + people
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5
Q

What are the main contents within the Quran:

A
  • Includes relevant stories of prophets
  • emphasis on regular prayersConstant supplicationsDeep worship of one godFastingPilgrimageEquity in inheritanceConstant charitySocial justice + social status
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6
Q

How was the Quran compiled + who were the main caliphs:

A
  • After each revelation, prophet would come out to public + the scribes would write it down
  • would scribe on anything available such as; stones, leaf of palm tree, bones of camels, parchment
  • many Muslims memorised the Quran
  • Zayd maintained the records of Quran faithfully + made sure it was how the prophet wanted
  • 1st caliph: Abu bakr
    2nd caliph: Umar ibn khattab
    3rd caliph: Uthman ibn affan
  • Umar ibn khattab was concerned that next generation may not have enough teachers, so formed a committee for checking each ayahs.
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7
Q

In what dialect was the Quran completed in + why were vowels added?

A
  • final dialect was Quraish
  • vowels were added because without them, it was too easy to make mistakes
  • Allah promised he would guard the first copy so it remains the same

“We have without doubt, sent down the message; and we will assuredly guard it”

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8
Q

Define Taqwa + Qiraat

Summarise Beliefs of Qiraat:

A

Taqwa ~ Being conscious/aware of God

Qiraat ~ Types of recitation

  • There were 7 types of recitation.

Used to spread faster through Arabs

  • 2 types of recitation used today: Hafs
    Warsh
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9
Q

Summarise the challenges of translating the quran:

A
  • Arabic words can have variety of meanings. Symbols can change meaning. May not be authentic
  • Quran should only recitied in arabic during prayers, so the translation shpuld come with a transliteration.
  • Too time consuming to perfect the arabic translation. Structures change over time, which requires a full committee
  • You must know the context/circumstances of the early muslim society
  • The quran + hadith are closely related. So scholars should know both whilst translating
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10
Q

Summarise pros + cons of translation of Quran:

A

Pros:
-Translation of 145 languages, so easy access + access to big variety

  • As communiaction changes, form of language also changes. Easy to understand
  • Islam + Quran mainly spread through the translations. This spread knowledge.

Cons:
- Some translations are written by people opposed to islam. Distorts meaning

  • Arabic can have dual meanings when translated. Questions the accuracy
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11
Q

Summarise superstition in islam and muslims beliefs regarding them:

A
  • Treatment should be seeked in a halal way.
  • Whoever wears an amulets, has committed shirk
  • Messenger of allah forbade superstitions + stated it magnifies evilness
  • Story of the man + prophet
    “Whoever wears a Tamimah, will have committed shirk.”
  • Wrong because it turns people away from God, makes them dependent on other things, puts trust in others.
    “Who can protect you in the night or day from the punishment of Allah? Nay but they turn away from the rememberance of their lords”
  • Those who believe in pure Tawhid (oneness of god), should stay as far from these things
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12
Q

Summarise the missing brick hadith:

A
  • Public was told the prophet muhammad compared relationship between himself + the preivious prophets to a building missing a single brick
  • Prophet muhammad says he is the brick, the seal of propehts
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13
Q

Summarise the seal of prophethood:

A
  • Prophet of muhammad is the last prophet, no one can come after him
  • Quran gives clear proofs of the seal of prophethood
    “The seal of the prophets, and god has full knowledge of all things”
  • 2 laws help answer questions of society which changes fast
    • A series of laws (permanent) which permanent qualities of particular humans
  • Genral principles, which take on a new form with other changes
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14
Q

Summarise what hadiths are and how they’re treated by muslims:

A
  • Hadiths are second primary source of guidance in Islam.
  • Hadiths are like individual reports of an action, or instruction regarding a matter
  • At the time of the prophet, many people used to go to him for guidance, after his death, this had to be replaced by hadiths.
  • People who reported large amount of Hadiths, were mostly in company of the prophet and had written it down
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15
Q

What are the 4 stages in the Transmission of hadiths?

A
  • Silsilah (Chain of transmission)
  • Isnad (Level of authority of individuals in the chain)
  • Matan (Text)
  • Classification (Catogaries)
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16
Q

Summarise the stage of Silsilah:

A
  • Involved research on those recording and telling the info
  • Focuses on knowing the source of the info
  • Diversity of first generation was becoming more diverse, as they interacted with other generations

Meant scholars had to deal with the challenge identifying FABRICATORS (made up).

  • Leading to next stage - Isnad
17
Q

Summarise the stage of Isnad:

A
  • The level of authority of the individuals of the chain
  • Finds background information of the individual + how they gathered info.
  • Recorded information about their education, level of interacrion…
  • Reliable people in he chain was not enough, Hadiths has to go through a number of chains.

Ahad ~ If all chains of a particular Hadith go through a single individual

18
Q

Summarise the stage of Matan:

A
  • The text runs through various tests
  • First test: Sees if it conradicts the Quran. If it does, its rejected
  • Second test: Does it contradict other reliable hadiths? If so, what level is the diff
  • 3rd test: Test of logic. Does it make sense?
19
Q

Summarise the stage of Classification:

A
  • After critiques + analysis, its catogarised into one of several catogaries
  • Cam be classifed into: Rigourosly authentic, good, acceptable but poor, partially manufactured + invalid
  • Diff scholars may classify the same Hadith differenly, based on their analysis
20
Q

Tell the hierarchy of the 6 most authentic Hadiths:

A
  • Sahih of BUKHARI
  • Sahih of MUSLIM
  • Sunan of ABU DAWUD
  • Sunan of TIRMIDHI
  • Sunan of AN NISA’I
  • Sunan of IBN MAJAH
21
Q

Define Sufism:

A
  • A spiritual + mystical focus on direct connection to God. Mainstream sunnis call them innovators
22
Q

Summarise sufism:

A
  • Known for non-violence, sacrafice + tolerance
  • More mystical + spiritual
  • Try to find true divine love through direct personal experience
23
Q

Summarise Sufi beliefs about the prophet Muhammad:

A
  • Consider the prophet as first created being + from him originated the rest of the creation
  • Stress that thr prophet was “the perfect man”
  • Believe that Allah has created the universe for the prophets sake
  • Innovated practices for sharing love to the prophet such as celebrating his birthday
24
Q

Define Sharia law + whats the main source?

A
  • Sharia law is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the hadith.
25
Q

What are the secondary sources of the sharia law:

A
  • Sunnah
  • Hadith
  • Practice of muslim community
  • Consensus
  • Opinion
  • Analogy
26
Q

Summairse how sharia law operates + define Ijma Qias:

A
  • Law determines by Ulama (muslim scholar) who decides what law the country will follow
  • Each government has at lease one Qadi (muslim judge) who the government chooses

Ijma Qias ~ Scholars get together and research topics that arent covered by quran + try to find solution

27
Q

What’s greater jihad + how does sharia law help with this?

A
  • Struggle within yourself. When you want to become a good Muslim.

Such as, praying 5 times, when everything’s cruel, you remain kind

  • Following sharia means you’re also following greater jihad, as it tells you right and wrong
28
Q

What’s lesser jihad?

A
  • Struggle in fighting in self defence.Fighting only with people who have harmed + deprived you form your religion.
29
Q

Rules of lesser jihad:

A
  • Don’t kill a child
  • Don’t kill a sick person
  • Don’t kill old people
  • Don’t kill a religious leader
  • Be good to prisoners
  • Don’t enforce Islam
  • Don’t destroy religious building
  • Don’t chop dead figures
  • Don’t kill an animal except for eating
  • Don’t kill those who surrender

RE Islam SZU AS (3 decks)

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