The Public Flashcards
Chlamydia Treatment
Azithromycin 1g Single dose Or Doxycycline 7 days, 100mg BD Or Azithromycin 14 days 500mg BD
Gonorrhoea Treatment
1st Line: Ceftriaxone 500mg i/m + azithromycin 1g SINGLE DOSE
2nd Line: cefixime 400mg + 1g SINGLE DOSE
Non-gonococcal urethritis
Azithromycin 1g single dose Or Doxycycline 100mg BD 7 days or Azithromycin 500mg BD 14 days
5 classes of ARV
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Entry/Fusion inhibitors
Diphtheria
Pathogen type and name
Non invasive
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Whooping cough
Pathogen type and name
Non invasive
Bordetella pertussis
Toxins of whooping cough
Pertussis (exo)toxin
Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)
Invasive adenylate cyclase toxin
Diphtheria pathogenesis
Diphtheria toxin (a-b toxin)
Pseudomembrane forms in throat
aB toxin inhibits EF2 In eukaryotic cells
Inhibits protein synthesis
Whooping cough pathogenesis
Attaches and replicated on ciliates urt mucosa
Produces toxins
Loss of mucocilary clearance
Violent coughing fits
Secondary pneumonia
Cholera pathogenesis
Acute infection of Gi tract
Produces cholera toxin
Adenyl cyclase upregulation
Causes loss of electrolytes and therefore massive fluid loss to GIT
Death through dehydration
Shingellosis pathogenesis
Attach and invade (partially) distal ileum and colonic epithelia
Shiva toxin release when bacteria die
Enteric fever pathogenesis
Bacterial induced uptake via M cells
Systemic dissemination
Macrophage containing viable bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Produces toxin
Toxin ingested
Interacts with gastric mucosa
Symptoms
Bacillus Cereus two disease forms
Emetic toxin
Enterotoxins Nhe and HBL
Infant meningitis types
Group B streptococci
Pneumococcal
Meng B,C
Children 2-12yrs
Pnemococcal
Meng B,C
Adolescents meningitis type
Meng C
What is in the 6-in-1 vaccine
Diphtheria Tetanus Polio Pertussis Hepatitis B HiB
8 week vaccines
6 in 1
Prevenar 13
Men B
Rotavirus
12 week vaccines
6 in 1
Rotavirus
16 weeks vaccines
6 in 1
Prevenar 13
Men B
1 year vaccine
HiB and menC
Prevenar13
MMR
MenB booster
3 years and 4 month vaccines
Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio MMR
Girls 12-13 vaccine
HPV
Gardasil
14 years vaccines
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Polio
MenACWY
Cholera bacterium
Vibrio cholerae
Cholera Important info
Causes diarrhoea and vomiting Vibrio cholerae Through contaminated food/ water/faeces Killed cell vaccine Can cause GI disturbances
Hepatitis A important info
Disease of liver HAV Directly aquired Inactived vaccine Passive or active immunity Immunity provided in 2-4 weeks HAV incubation period is 2-4 weeks Local side effects
Japanese encephalitis
Brain inflammation Vector Japanese encephalitis virus Inactivated alum-adjunctivated vaccine Not on NHS Local side effects
Meningococcal important info
Meninges infected
Headache, neuro, fever, stiff neck, photophobia
Neisseria meningitidis
Respiratory droplets
Polysaccharide conjugated vaccines
Bivalent - a and c
Trivalent -a and c and w-135
Tetravalent - a,c,y,w-135
Local side effects
Usually no symptoms
Rabies important info
Affects brain and nervous system
Lyssavirus
Bite off animal
Embryonated egg vaccine (3 doses over a month)
Two dose regimens depending on if it is pre or post prophylaxis
Local side effect
Can take 20-60 days for symptoms- apprehension/hallucinations/sensory changes biting/fever/aerophobia/hydrophobia
Tick-Bourne encephalitis
Infection and inflammation of brain and spinal cord.
Bite of tick
TBE virus
Inactivated vaccine
3 doses
Local side effects
Remove tick ASAP
Typhoid fever important info
Spreads
Severe complications-internal bleeding, perforation of digestive tract or bowel
Contaminated food or water
Oral vaccine - live attenuated extracellular vaccine
Injectable vaccine - capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine given Im
Oral - inactivated by antibacterials (3 days b and a) and antibacterials (3 days after)
Take 2 weeks before travel
Local and Gi side effects
Yellow fever important info
Phase 1 - fever, muscle aches, headache
Phase 2- jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, haemorrhage (60% die)
Arbovirus
Mosquito bites
Vaccine is live attenuated im Avoid if immunosuppressed Guidance if egg allergy Local side effects Viscerotropic disease
International
Certificate of vaccination to travel
Two main malaria causes
P.falciparium
P.vivax
Malaria treatments
Quinine malrone
Riamet
P.Falciparum treatment
Riamet
Malarone
Quinine
P.malariae treatment
Chloroquine
P.vivax and P.ovale treatment
Chloroquine and prinaquine
The 5 herpes viruses
Herpes simples 1 Herpes simplex 2 Varicella zoster virus Epstein Barr virus Kaposis sarcoma herpes virus
Where do herpes virus remain latent
Sensory ganglia
What is classic acute glandular fever called
Mononucleosis
Herpes vaccine
Live, attenuated
What is the group of cells in the innate immune system?
Myloid cells
Two types of myloid cells
Granulocytic
Monolytic
Three granulocytic cells
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Types of monolytic cells
Macrophages
Langerhans and kupffer
Dendritic
Mast cells strategy
Release factors to increase blood flow and bring immunity factors to site of infection
Neutrophils and macrophages strategy
Engulf and destroy microorganisms
Eosinophils strategy
Secrets factors which kill Protozoa and worms
NK cells strategy
Destroy virus infected cells
Lysozyme function
Splits bacterial wall
Acute phase protein function
Optimise - marks
Attracts phagocytes
Increase blood flow
Complement factor function
Optimise
Interferon (cytokines) function
Antiviral resistance
Why use folate
Tetrahydrofolate cannot winter cells
TB therapy
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutamol
