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Sem 1 Year 2 > The Public > Flashcards

The Public Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia Treatment

A 
Azithromycin 1g Single dose
Or
Doxycycline 7 days, 100mg BD
Or 
Azithromycin 14 days 500mg BD
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2
Q

Gonorrhoea Treatment

A

1st Line: Ceftriaxone 500mg i/m + azithromycin 1g SINGLE DOSE

2nd Line: cefixime 400mg + 1g SINGLE DOSE

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3
Q

Non-gonococcal urethritis

A 
Azithromycin 1g single dose
Or
Doxycycline 100mg BD 7 days
or
Azithromycin 500mg BD 14 days
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4
Q

5 classes of ARV

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors

Integrase inhibitors

Entry/Fusion inhibitors

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5
Q

Diphtheria

Pathogen type and name

A

Non invasive

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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6
Q

Whooping cough

Pathogen type and name

A

Non invasive

Bordetella pertussis

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7
Q

Toxins of whooping cough

A

Pertussis (exo)toxin

Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

Invasive adenylate cyclase toxin

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8
Q

Diphtheria pathogenesis

A

Diphtheria toxin (a-b toxin)

Pseudomembrane forms in throat

aB toxin inhibits EF2 In eukaryotic cells

Inhibits protein synthesis

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9
Q

Whooping cough pathogenesis

A

Attaches and replicated on ciliates urt mucosa

Produces toxins

Loss of mucocilary clearance

Violent coughing fits

Secondary pneumonia

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10
Q

Cholera pathogenesis

A

Acute infection of Gi tract

Produces cholera toxin

Adenyl cyclase upregulation

Causes loss of electrolytes and therefore massive fluid loss to GIT

Death through dehydration

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11
Q

Shingellosis pathogenesis

A

Attach and invade (partially) distal ileum and colonic epithelia

Shiva toxin release when bacteria die

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12
Q

Enteric fever pathogenesis

A

Bacterial induced uptake via M cells

Systemic dissemination

Macrophage containing viable bacteria

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13
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Produces toxin

Toxin ingested

Interacts with gastric mucosa

Symptoms

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14
Q

Bacillus Cereus two disease forms

A

Emetic toxin

Enterotoxins Nhe and HBL

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15
Q

Infant meningitis types

A

Group B streptococci
Pneumococcal
Meng B,C

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16
Q

Children 2-12yrs

A

Pnemococcal

Meng B,C

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17
Q

Adolescents meningitis type

A

Meng C

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18
Q

What is in the 6-in-1 vaccine

A 
Diphtheria 
Tetanus
Polio 
Pertussis 
Hepatitis B
HiB
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19
Q

8 week vaccines

A

6 in 1
Prevenar 13
Men B
Rotavirus

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20
Q

12 week vaccines

A

6 in 1

Rotavirus

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21
Q

16 weeks vaccines

A

6 in 1
Prevenar 13
Men B

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22
Q

1 year vaccine

A

HiB and menC
Prevenar13
MMR
MenB booster

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23
Q

3 years and 4 month vaccines

A 
Diphtheria 
Tetanus 
Pertussis 
Polio
MMR
24
Q

Girls 12-13 vaccine

A

HPV

Gardasil

25
Q

14 years vaccines

A

Tetanus
Diphtheria
Polio
MenACWY

26
Q

Cholera bacterium

A

Vibrio cholerae

27
Q

Cholera Important info

A 
Causes diarrhoea and vomiting 
Vibrio cholerae
Through contaminated food/
water/faeces
Killed cell vaccine
Can cause GI disturbances
28
Q

Hepatitis A important info

A 
Disease of liver
HAV
Directly aquired
Inactived vaccine
Passive or active immunity
Immunity provided in 2-4 weeks
HAV incubation period is 2-4 weeks 
Local side effects
29
Q

Japanese encephalitis

A 
Brain inflammation
Vector
Japanese encephalitis virus
Inactivated alum-adjunctivated vaccine
Not on NHS
Local side effects
30
Q

Meningococcal important info

A

Meninges infected
Headache, neuro, fever, stiff neck, photophobia
Neisseria meningitidis
Respiratory droplets

Polysaccharide conjugated vaccines
Bivalent - a and c
Trivalent -a and c and w-135
Tetravalent - a,c,y,w-135

Local side effects
Usually no symptoms

31
Q

Rabies important info

A

Affects brain and nervous system
Lyssavirus
Bite off animal
Embryonated egg vaccine (3 doses over a month)
Two dose regimens depending on if it is pre or post prophylaxis
Local side effect
Can take 20-60 days for symptoms- apprehension/hallucinations/sensory changes biting/fever/aerophobia/hydrophobia

32
Q

Tick-Bourne encephalitis

A

Infection and inflammation of brain and spinal cord.

Bite of tick

TBE virus

Inactivated vaccine
3 doses
Local side effects

Remove tick ASAP

33
Q

Typhoid fever important info

A

Spreads
Severe complications-internal bleeding, perforation of digestive tract or bowel

Contaminated food or water

Oral vaccine - live attenuated extracellular vaccine
Injectable vaccine - capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine given Im

Oral - inactivated by antibacterials (3 days b and a) and antibacterials (3 days after)
Take 2 weeks before travel

Local and Gi side effects

34
Q

Yellow fever important info

A

Phase 1 - fever, muscle aches, headache
Phase 2- jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, haemorrhage (60% die)

Arbovirus
Mosquito bites

Vaccine is live attenuated im
Avoid if immunosuppressed 
Guidance if egg allergy
Local side effects 
Viscerotropic disease

International
Certificate of vaccination to travel

35
Q

Two main malaria causes

A

P.falciparium

P.vivax

36
Q

Malaria treatments

A

Quinine malrone

Riamet

37
Q

P.Falciparum treatment

A

Riamet
Malarone
Quinine

38
Q

P.malariae treatment

A

Chloroquine

39
Q

P.vivax and P.ovale treatment

A

Chloroquine and prinaquine

40
Q

The 5 herpes viruses

A 
Herpes simples 1
Herpes simplex 2
Varicella zoster virus
Epstein Barr virus 
Kaposis sarcoma herpes virus
41
Q

Where do herpes virus remain latent

A

Sensory ganglia

42
Q

What is classic acute glandular fever called

A

Mononucleosis

43
Q

Herpes vaccine

A

Live, attenuated

44
Q

What is the group of cells in the innate immune system?

A

Myloid cells

45
Q

Two types of myloid cells

A

Granulocytic

Monolytic

46
Q

Three granulocytic cells

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

47
Q

Types of monolytic cells

A

Macrophages
Langerhans and kupffer
Dendritic

48
Q

Mast cells strategy

A

Release factors to increase blood flow and bring immunity factors to site of infection

49
Q

Neutrophils and macrophages strategy

A

Engulf and destroy microorganisms

50
Q

Eosinophils strategy

A

Secrets factors which kill Protozoa and worms

51
Q

NK cells strategy

A

Destroy virus infected cells

52
Q

Lysozyme function

A

Splits bacterial wall

53
Q

Acute phase protein function

A

Optimise - marks
Attracts phagocytes
Increase blood flow

54
Q

Complement factor function

A

Optimise

55
Q

Interferon (cytokines) function

A

Antiviral resistance

56
Q

Why use folate

A

Tetrahydrofolate cannot winter cells

57
Q

TB therapy

A

Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutamol

Sem 1 Year 2 (4 decks)

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