The Psychodynamic Approach

Question 1

Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory is an example of

Answer 1

The psychodynamic approach

Question 2

Freud suggested that the mind is made up of

Answer 2

Conscious
Pre-conscious
Unconscious

Question 3

Conscious

Answer 3

What we are aware of

Question 4

Pre-conscious

Answer 4

Memories and thoughts we are not currently aware of but can be accessed

Question 5

Unconscious

Answer 5

We are unaware of the contents of the unconscious.

It is a vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts that influence our behaviour

Question 6

Freud saw personality as having three parts

Answer 6

Id
Ego
Superego

Question 7

Id

Answer 7

Primitive part of the personality.
Operates on the pleasure principle.
Demands instant gratification.

Question 8

Ego

Answer 8

Works on the reality principle and is the mediator between the id and the superego

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

Internalised sense of right and wrong.
Based on the morality principle.
Punished the ego through guilt.

Question 10

Pleasure principle

Answer 10

Id

Question 11

Reality principle

Answer 11

Ego

Question 12

Morality principle

Answer 12

Superego

Question 13

Each stage is marked by a different

Answer 13

Conflict that the child must resolve to move on to the next

Question 14

Any conflict that is unresolved leads to

Answer 14

Fixation where the child becomes stuck and carries behaviours associated with this stage through to adult life

Question 15

Oral age

Answer 15

0-1

Question 16

Oral pleasure focus

Answer 16

Mouth

Question 17

Oral - what object is the child’s object of desire

Answer 17

The mothers breast

Question 18

Anal age

Answer 18

1-3

Question 19

Anal pleasure focus

Answer 19

Anus

Question 20

Anal: the child gains pleasure from

Answer 20

Withholding and eliminating faeces

Question 21

Phallic age

Answer 21

3-5

Question 22

Phallic pleasure focus

Answer 22

Genital area

Question 23

Latency

Answer 23

Earlier conflicts are repressed

Question 24

Genital / puberty

Answer 24

Sexual desires become conscious

Question 25

The Oedipus complex is an important

Answer 25

Psychosexual conflict occurring in the phallic stage

Question 26

In what stage does the Oedipus complex occur

Answer 26

Phallic stage

Question 27

In the phallic stage, little boys develop

Answer 27

Incestuous feelings to their mother and murderous hatred to their father

Question 28

Later on in the phallic stage, boys

Answer 28

Repress their feelings for their mother and identify with their father, taking on his gender role and moral values

Question 29

During the phallic stage, girls experience

Answer 29

Penis envy

Question 30

What are the unconscious strategies used by the ego?

Answer 30

Repression
Denial
Displacement

Question 31

Repression

Answer 31

Focusing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind

Question 32

Denial

Answer 32

Refusing to acknowledge reality

Question 33

Displacement

Answer 33

Transferring feelings from their true source onto a substitute target

Question 34

Although Freud’s theory is controversial and often bizarre

Answer 34

It has had huge influence on Western contemporary thought

Question 35

Freud’s theory has been used to explain a wide range of

Answer 35

Behaviours and draw attention to the influence of childhood on adult personality

Question 36

Alongside behaviourism, the psychodynamic approach was

Answer 36

The dominant approach in psychology for the first half of the twentieth century

Question 37

Freud’s ideas were developed using

Answer 37

A small number of case studies

Question 38

Because Freud used a small number of case studies, critics have suggested that it is

Answer 38

Not possible to make universal claims about human nature based on such a limited sample

Question 39

Although Freud’s observations were detailed and carefully recorded

Answer 39

His interpretations were highly subjective and it is unlikely that any other researcher would have drawn the same conclusion

Question 40

One main strength with the psychodynamic approach is that it lacks

Answer 40

Scientific rigour

Question 41

Karl Popped argued that the psychodynamic approach does not meet

Answer 41

The scientific criterion of falsification in the sense that it cannot be proved or disproved

Question 42

Many of Freud’s concepts, such as the id or the Oedipus complex

Answer 42

Occur at an unconscious level making them difficult if not impossible to test

Question 43

Because we can’t test and potentially disprove the psychodynamic approach, it is known as

Answer 43

A pseudoscience

Question 44

Freud introduced a new form of therapy

Answer 44

Psychoanalysis

Question 45

Psychoanalysis is designed to access the

Answer 45

Unconscious mind using a range of techniques such as dream analysis

Question 46

Who is psychoanalysis most suitable for?

Answer 46

People suffering from mind neuroses

Question 47

Who is psychoanalysis not suitable for?

Answer 47

Schizophrenia patients

Question 48

Psychoanalysis is the forerunner to many

Answer 48

Modern-day psychotherapy’s

Question 49

The psychodynamic approach explains all behaviour as

Answer 49

Determined by unconscious conflicts that are rooted in childhood

Question 50

even something as apparent as a ‘slip of the tongue’ is

Answer 50

driven by unconscious forces and has symbolic meaning