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Psychology > The Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

The Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

The role of the unconscious The structure of the personality

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1
Q

What is the psychodynamic Approach?

A

The importance of early childhood and its influences in shaping adulthood.

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2
Q

Who theorised the Psychodynamic Approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

At what time period did Freud live?

A

1900s

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4
Q

What are the three levels of the mind?

A
  • The conscious
  • The preconscious
  • The unconscious
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5
Q

What is the conscious mind?

A
  • ‘the tip of the iceberg’
  • real self exposed to the world
  • present thoughts + feelings
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6
Q

What is the preconscious mind?

A
  • easily recalled
  • aware off when tried to think about
  • occur in dreams
  • bubbling under surface of conscious
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7
Q

What is the unconscious?

A
  • comes out in adult mine/life (eg. poor mental health)
  • buried + unable to call
  • threatening/ disturbing memories been repressed/ forgotten
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8
Q

What therapy did Freud used when trying to uncover the unconscious?

A

Psychoanalysis, the ‘talking cure’.

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9
Q

What is the first level of the personality?

A

Id

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10
Q

When does the Id develop?

A

18 months

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the Id?

A

-unconscious focus on self
-selfish drive, pleasure principle

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12
Q

What is the second level of the personality?

A

Ego

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13
Q

When does the Ego develop?

A

1-3 years

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the Ego?

A

-rational, conscious
-The reality principle, balances demands between Id and superego

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15
Q

What is the third level of the personality?

A

Superego

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16
Q

When does the superego develop?

A

3-6 years

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the superego?

A

-morality principle
-unconscious acts as the conscious moral guide

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18
Q

What happens if the Ego is too weak?

A

Allows superego and Id to dominate

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19
Q

What happens if the Id is too strong?

A

Is selfish, out of control, may become an addict

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20
Q

What happens if the Superego is too strong?

A

Strict, anxious, obsessive- depression, anxiety, OCD.

21
Q

Why are defence mechanisms used?

A

Ego protects mind from things causing anxiety/ trauma. Not conscious using mechanisms, ego separate

22
Q

What is denial?

A

Complete refusal to believe something even when solid evidence is presented.

23
Q

What is displacement?

A

Redirect your unacceptable drive/ feelings onto a more acceptable one. Eg. punching a wall.

24
Q

What is repression?

A

The mind (ego) forces a distressing memory out of the conscious mind.
- motivated forgetting, emerges as symptom of anxiety.

25
Q

Old Age Pensioners Love Guinness

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

26
Q

What was Freud’s theory behind the psychosexual stages?

A

In adulthood we are driven by a sexual drive, making us seek pleasure. We have the same drive throughout life but in childhood it’s not sexual, it just seeks pleasure and is gratified in the different stages.

27
Q

Why must we complete all stages?

A

In order to be psychologically healthy otherwise abnormalities might occur- the person becomes fixated.

28
Q

When is the Oral Stage completed?

A

Birth - 1 year

29
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the Oral Stage?

A

Seeks pleasure from the mouth, eg. breast/ bottle, dummy.

30
Q

How is successful completion made?

A

Weaning correctly

31
Q

When does fixation occur?

A

Weaned too early/ too late

32
Q

How does the fixation manifest in adulthood?

A

Smoking, drinking or eating.

33
Q

When is the Anal Stage completed?

A

1-3yrs

34
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the Anal Stage?

A

the anus

35
Q

How is successful completion made?

A

Potty training, being clean

36
Q

What does potty training represent for the infant?

A

First step of independence, control over body.

37
Q

What is the fixation?

A

Develops anal character:
Anally retentive (too strict)
Anally expulsive (too lenient)

38
Q

How does the fixation manifest in adulthood?

A

Anally retentive- uptight, rigid, strict
= OCD
Anally expulsive- disorganised, messy(chaotic)
=sociopath

39
Q

When is the Phallic Stage completed?

A

3-5 yrs -coaligns w/ superego develops

40
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the Phallic Stage?

A

the genitals (little boys only because of Victorian times), boys experience the Oedipus Complex

41
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

Little boys desire their mothers and resent their fathers.
Attached to their mother and jealous of father because spent all their time with mother and barely saw their father.

42
Q

What happens when the stage is completed successfully?

A

Start take on fathers morals (superego)- take on/identify with same-sex parent.
Gender/identity- realise they are boy,
father =role model.

43
Q

How does the fixation manifest in adulthood?

A

Not typically masculine- hasn’t got strong set of morals; crime
Don’t accept sex they are born with- lines blurred between genders.

44
Q

When is the Latency Stage completed?

A

6yrs- puberty

45
Q

What happens to the sexual urge and the focus of pleasure?

A

Sexual urge sublimated into sports+hobbies. Focus on developing same-sex friendships. No particular requirements for successful completion.

46
Q

When is the Genital Stage completed?

A

Puberty to Adulthood.

47
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the Genital Stage?

A

Focus on genitals- not same extent as phallic

48
Q

What happens when the stage is completed successfully?

A

Develops healthy adult relationships. Should happen if earlier stages were completed successfully.

Psychology (10 decks)

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