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Nursing 307 > The Process of Research > Flashcards

The Process of Research Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first phase of the research process?

A

Thinking

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2
Q

What occurs during the thinking phase of the research process?

A

Identifying problem and purpose

Reviewing literature

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3
Q

What is the second phase of the research process?

A

Planning

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4
Q

What occurs during the planning phase of the research process?

A

Choosing study design and planning approach to sample, data collection, etc.

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5
Q

What is the third phase of the research process?

A

Implementing

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6
Q

What occurs during the implementing phase of the research process?

A

Recruiting participants and collecting data.

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7
Q

What is the fourth phase of the research process?

A

Analyzing

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8
Q

What occurs during the analyzing phase of the research process?

A

Analyze data and interpret findings.

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9
Q

What is the fifth phase of the research process?

A

Informing

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10
Q

What occurs during the informing phase of the research process?

A

Disseminating results (journal articles, presentations, etc.)

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11
Q

What are two of the most common paradigms for research?

A

Positivist

Constructivist

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12
Q

How can we categorize research into levels? (What are the levels?)

A

Descriptive
Correlational
Quasi-experimental
Experimental

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13
Q

What are the three methods of categorizing research (three different research “methods”)

A

Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed methods

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14
Q

What are three different categories we can categorize research by?

A

Paradigm
Levels
Methods

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15
Q

What are some things that distinguish quantitative research? (apart from qualitative research)

A

Test theory (compared to develops theory)
Control (compared to shared interpretation)
Instruments (compared to communication and observation)
Numbers (compared to words)
Statistical analysis (compared to interpretation)
Generalization (compared to uniqueness)

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16
Q

What are some things that distinguish qualitative research? (apart from quantitative research)

A

Develops theory (compared to test theory)
Shared interpretation (compared to control)
Communication and observation (compared to instruments)
Words (compared to numbers)
Interpretation (compared to statistical analysis)
Uniqueness (compared to generalization)

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17
Q

What are some quantitative research designs?

A 
Randomized clinical trial (RCT)
Evaluation research
Survey research
Secondary Analysis
MetaAnalysis
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18
Q

What are some qualitative research designs?

A 
Phenomenology
Ethnography
Grounded theory
Historical theory
MetaSynthesis
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19
Q

How can one tell a qualitative study from a quantitative study?

A

Qualitative studies, have no numbers other than sometimes a single table describing participant characteristics (ie age, gender). Qualitative studies may have “word tables” or diagrams illustrating processes inferred from the narrative information

Quantitative studies have several tables with numbers and statistics.

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20
Q

What is the difference between the role of the researcher in an experimental study vs a non-experimental study?

A

Experimental: Researcher manipulates or controls variable(s) and observes effect in other variable(s). Evaluates cause and effect relationship.

Nonexperimental: Describes or looks at relationship(s) or correlation between variable(s). Variables are not manipulated by the researcher.

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21
Q

What is the person contributing information called in a quantitative study?

A

Subject, study participant, respondent

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22
Q

What is the person contributing information called in a qualitative study?

A

Study participant, informant, key informant

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23
Q

What is the person undertaking the study called in a quantitative study?

A

Researcher, investigator, scientist

24
Q

What is the person undertaking the study called in a qualitative study?

A

Researcher, investigator

25
Q

What is that which is being studied called in a quantitative study?

A

Concepts, constructs, variables

26
Q

What is that which is being studied called in a qualitative study?

A

Phenomena, concepts, topics

27
Q

What is the system of organizing concepts called in a quantitative study?

A

Theory, theoretical/conceptual framework, conceptual model

28
Q

What is the system of organizing concepts called in a qualitative study?

A

Theory, theoretical/conceptual framework

29
Q

What is the information gathered called din a quantitative study?

A

Data (numeric)

30
Q

What is the information gathered called in a qualitative study?

A

Data (narrative description)

31
Q

What are the links between concepts called in a quantitative study?

A

Relationships (casual, correlational)

32
Q

What are the links between concepts called in a qualitative study?

A

Patterns of association

33
Q

What are the logical reasoning processes in a quantitative study?

A

Deductive reasoning

34
Q

What are the logical reasoning processes in a qualitative study?

A

Inductive reasoning

35
Q

What is the quality of evidence called in a quantitative study?

A

Reliability, validity, generalizability

36
Q

What is the quality of evidence called in a qualitative study?

A

Trustworthiness

37
Q

What are variables called (what types of variables) in a quantitative study?

A

Independent, dependent, extraneous

38
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

Presumed cause, or influence on dependent variable.

39
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

Outcome, consequence

40
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

Confounding variable - other factors/causes that impact the dependent variable

41
Q

What are variables called in qualitative studies?

A

Phenomena

concept

42
Q

What is the conceptual definition of a quantitative study?

A

Independent and dependent variables need to be operationalized - specify the procedures and tools required to measure the variable.

43
Q

What is the conceptual definition of a qualitative study?

A

Phenomenon being studied need to be conceptually defined - clarify the abstract or theoretical meaning of the concept being studied.

44
Q

What are the tools/instruments in quantitative studies?

A

How variables are measured - device that researchers use to collect data - questionnaires, surveys, scales, etc.

45
Q

What are the tools/instruments in qualitative studies?

A

Interview guide, observation

46
Q

What is the preliminary stage of reading research? (What occurs during this stage)

A

Read to gain familiarity - focus on title and abstract; skim rest

47
Q

What is the comprehensive stage of reading research? (What occurs during this stage)

A

Read to gain understanding - understand researcher’s intent, methods, and the findings.

48
Q

What are the steps of critical reading of research?

A

Critical read to analyze and critique

Analysis and Synthesis

49
Q

What is analysis (when reading research critically to analyze and critique)

A

Analysis - break the content into parts to understand each aspect of the study.

50
Q

What is synthesis (when reading research critically to analyze and critique)

A

Synthesis - pulling together or combining parts into a whole - to make sense of it and explain relationships.

51
Q

What is contained in the abstract of a research report?

A

Overview of the study

52
Q

What is contained in the introduction of a research report?

A

Background to the problem
Literature review
Theoretical/conceptual framework
Identify research questions and purpose of study

53
Q

What is contained in the methods section of a research report?

A

Describe research design and sample
Describe data collection
Instruments used

54
Q

What is contained in the results section of a research report?

A

Describe data analysis procedures

Present findings

55
Q

What is contained in the discussion section of a research report?

A

Major findings
Limitations
Conclusions, implications, recommendations

56
Q

What is at the end of every research report?

A

References

Nursing 307 (8 decks)

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