The Problem Statement

Question 1

This is the foundation upon which your entire
research rests. It pinpoints the specific issue or gap in knowledge
that your study aims to address.

Answer 1

The problem statement

Question 2

This gap can be a lack of understanding, a conflicting body of
research, or a pressing real-world problem that requires a
solution.

Answer 2

The problem statement

Question 3

Give me the COMPONENTS OF A PROBLEM STATEMENT

Answer 3

▪ Specificity (clearly defined, must be specific)
▪ Significance (relevant and impactful, and worth investigating)
▪ Feasibility (researchable and realistic)

Question 4

APPLICATION TIPS

Answer 4

• Use strong verbs
• Provide evidence
• Define scope and limitations

Question 5

Words like “lack,” “limited,” “inconclusive,”
or “contradictory” can effectively convey the problem’s urgency and
significance

Answer 5

Use strong verbs

Question 6

Back up your claims with relevant data,
statistics, or research findings from credible sources.

Answer 6

Provide evidence

Question 7

Clearly articulate the
boundaries of your problem statement, specifying what your
research will and will not cover.

Answer 7

Define scope and limitations

Question 8

This acts as the mission statement of your
research, outlining the specific objectives you aim to achieve. It
connects your research to the problem statement, explaining how
your investigation will address the identified gap in knowledge.

Answer 8

The purpose statement

Question 9

COMPONENTS OF A PROBLEM STATEMENT in the purpose statement

Answer 9

▪ Research objective (core goal, intend to accomplish)
▪ Connection to the problem statement (directly address the
problem identified earlier)
▪ Research approach (methods that will be used)

Question 10

This is to investigate the relationship between
social media use and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents
with pre-existing mental health conditions.

Answer 10

The Purpose Statement

Question 11

APPLICATION TIPS

Answer 11

▪ Align with research questions
▪ Emphasize practical implications
▪ Use clear and concise language

Question 12

are the guiding force of your study, directing
your investigation and shaping your data analysis. They are the
specific questions that you will seek to answer through your
research.

Answer 12

The research questions

Question 13

KEY FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Answer 13

▪ Clarity and conciseness
▪ Specificity and focus
▪ Answerability

Question 14

This is the overarching question that drives your research. It should be broad enough to encompass all the sub-questions while
remaining focused on the core issue.

Answer 14

The central question

Question 15

this delve deeper into the central question, breaking it
down into specific areas of investigation. They should be logical
extensions of the central question, providing a more focused
direction for your research.

Answer 15

SUB-QUESTIONS/TOPICAL SUB-QUESTIONS

Question 16

Enumerate the Data collection Method of qualitative research

Answer 16

• Interview
• Focus Group
• Document Analysis
  -Narrative Analysis
• Discourse Analysis
• P a r t i c i p a t o r y A c t i o n R e s e a r c h ( P A R )
• Grounded Theory
  -Case Studies
• Ethnography

Question 17

In-depth conversations with individuals to gather their perspectives,
experiences, and beliefs on a specific topic. Can be structured, semistructured, or unstructured.
▪ Ideal for exploring complex issues, understanding individual
experiences, and gathering rich narratives

Answer 17

Interview

Question 18

Principles of Interview

Answer 18

▪ Open-ended questions: Encourage detailed responses and exploration of individual perspectives.

▪ Active listening: Pay close attention to the participant’s words and
non-verbal cues.

▪ Building rapport: Establish trust and a comfortable environment for
the participant to share openly

Question 19

Usage in interview

Answer 19

▪ Understanding individual experiences: Gathering personal stories and perspectives
on a specific event or situation.

▪ Exploring complex issues: Delving into the nuances of a topic from multiple
perspectives.

▪ Developing hypotheses: Generating initial ideas and insights for further investigation.

Question 20

Process of interview

Answer 20

▪ Develop interview guide: Define questions or topics to be covered.

▪ Recruit participants: Select individuals with relevant experiences.

▪ Conduct the interview: Ask questions, listen attentively, and probe for deeper insights.

▪ Record and transcribe data: Capture the interview (audio or video) and convert it to
text for analysis.

▪ Analyze data: Identify themes, patterns, and key insights.

Question 21

Facilitated discussions with a small group of individuals (6-10) to explore
shared experiences, perspectives, and opinions on a specific topic.

Answer 21

Focus Group

Question 22

Valuable for generating ideas, understanding group dynamics, and exploring
complex issues from multiple perspectives.

Answer 22

Focus group

Question 23

Principle of focus group

Answer 23

▪ Group dynamics: Encourage interaction and discussion among participants.

▪ Moderator guidance: Facilitate the discussion, ensure everyone has a chance to share, and keep the group focused.

▪ Diverse perspectives: Select participants with varying experiences and
viewpoints to enrich the discussion

Question 24

Usage of Focus group

Answer 24

▪ Testing concepts: Gathering feedback on new products, services, or marketing campaigns.

▪ Exploring social issues: Understanding public perceptions and opinions on a specific topic.

▪ Developing program interventions: Identifying needs and priorities for community-based initiatives

Question 25

Examining existing documents, texts, images, or other artifacts to understand
their content, context, and meaning.

Answer 25

Document analysis

Question 26

Process of Focus group

Answer 26

▪ Define focus group objectives: Clearly identify the research questions and desired information.

▪ Recruit participants: Select individuals with relevant experiences or perspectives.

▪ Develop a discussion guide: Prepare a list of questions or topics to guide the discussion.

▪ Facilitate the focus group: Guide the discussion, encourage participation, and ensure everyone has a chance to share.

▪ Record and transcribe data: Capture the discussion (audio or video) and convert it to text for analysis.

▪ Analyze data: Identify themes, patterns, and key insights from the group discussion.

Question 27

Valuable for historical research, analyzing social trends, understanding cultural
practices, and exploring perspectives through written or visual materials.

Answer 27

Document analysis

Question 28

Principle of Document analysis

Answer 28

Content analysis: Examine the text, images, or artifacts to identify key themes, patterns, and meanings.

▪ Contextual analysis: Consider the historical, social, and cultural context in which the documents were created.

▪ Critical analysis: Evaluate the author’s perspective, biases, and intended audience

Question 29

Usage of Document Analysis

Answer 29

▪ Historical research: Examining primary sources to understand past events and perspectives.

▪ Social analysis: Studying newspapers, magazines, or social media posts to understand public discourse and social trends.

▪ Cultural studies: Examining cultural artifacts, such as art, music, or literature, to
understand cultural values and beliefs

Question 30

Process of Document analysis

Answer 30

Identify relevant documents: Select documents that align with your research questions.

▪ Analyze the content: Examine the text, images, or artifacts to identify key themes, patterns,
and meanings.

▪ Interpret the findings: Draw conclusions and insights based on the analyzed data.

Question 31

Examining stories, personal accounts, and narratives to understand how
people construct meaning, make sense of their experiences, and
communicate their perspectives.

Answer 31

Narrative analysis

Question 32

Useful for exploring personal experiences, understanding cultural narratives, and analyzing how people make sense of their lives.

Answer 32

Narrative analysis

Question 33

What are the principles of narrative analysis

Answer 33

▪ Narrative structure: Identify the key elements of the story, including plot, characters, setting, and theme.

▪ Meaning-making: Analyze how the story constructs meaning and reflects the narrator’s worldview.

▪ Social context: Consider the social, cultural, and historical context in which the story is told.

Question 34

Usage of narrative analysis

Answer 34

Understanding personal experiences: Examining individual stories to learn about their lives and perspectives.

▪ Analyzing cultural narratives: Studying myths, legends, and folktales to understand cultural
values and beliefs.

▪ Exploring social change: Examining how narratives reflect and shape social transformations.

Question 35

Process of Narrative analysis

Answer 35

▪ Collect narratives: Gather stories, personal accounts, or narratives through interviews, focus groups, or other methods.

▪ Analyze the narratives: Identify key themes, patterns, and narrative structures.

▪ Interpret the findings: Draw conclusions and insights about how people construct meaning
through their stories

Question 36

The principle of Discourse analysis

Answer 36

Language as a social construct: Recognize that language is not neutral but reflects and shapes social power relations.

▪ Discourse as a system: Analyze how language is used to create and maintain social structures and ideologies.

▪ Critical analysis: Evaluate the power dynamics and ideological assumptions embedded in discourse.

Question 36

Examining language and communication in social contexts to understand how power, ideology, and social structures are constructed and maintained

Answer 36

Discourse Analysis

Question 37

Valuable for studying social movements, political discourse, media representations,
and understanding how language shapes social reality.

Answer 37

Discourse Analysis

Question 38

A collaborative research approach that involves participants in all stages of the
research process, from defining the research questions to developing solutions.

Answer 38

P a r t i c i p a t o r y A c t i o n R e s e a r c h ( P A R )

Question 39

Usage of Discourse analysis

Answer 39

Analyzing political discourse: Examining speeches, debates, and media coverage to understand political ideologies and power struggles.

▪ Studying social movements: Analyzing the language used by activists and protesters to
understand their goals and strategies.

▪ Understanding media representations: Examining how media texts construct and reinforce social stereotypes and power relations.

Question 40

Process of Discourse Analysis

Answer 40

Identify the discourse: Select a specific area of communication (e.g., political speeches, media
articles, social media posts).

▪ Analyze the language: Examine the language used, including vocabulary, grammar, and rhetorical devices.

▪ Interpret the findings: Draw conclusions about how language constructs meaning, shapes power relations, and reflects social structures

Question 41

Valuable for empowering communities, addressing social issues, and generating
practical solutions through collaborative research.

Answer 41

P a r t i c i p a t o r y A c t i o n R e s e a r c h ( P A R )

Question 42

PrincipleS of PAR

Answer 42

Collaborative research: Researchers and participants work together as partners in
the research process.

▪ Empowerment: The research process aims to empower participants to understand
and address their own issues.

▪ Action-oriented: The research seeks to generate practical solutions and
interventions.

Question 43

Usage of PAR

Answer 43

Addressing social issues: Conducting research to understand and address community-based problems.

▪ Developing community-based interventions: Designing and implementing programs that are relevant to local needs and priorities.

▪ Promoting social change: Empowering communities to take action and advocate for their own interest

Question 44

Process of PAR

Answer 44

▪ Identify a community issue: Work with community members to define a pressing social problem.

▪ Develop research questions: Collaborate on research questions that address the identified issue.

▪ Collect and analyze data: Gather data through participatory methods, such as interviews, focus groups,
and observations.

▪ Develop solutions: Work together to develop and implement solutions based on the research findings.

▪ Evaluate the impact: Assess the effectiveness of the interventions and make adjustments as needed

Question 45

A systematic approach to developing theories from
data, using an iterative process of data collection, analysis, and theory
development.

Answer 45

Grounded Theory

Question 46

• In-depth examination of a specific individual, group,
  organization, or event to understand its unique characteristics and
  complexities.

Answer 46

Case study

Question 47

Immersive, long-term study of a particular culture or group,
seeking to understand their beliefs, values, and practices from their
perspective.

Answer 47

Ethnography