Qualitative Research and Its Concepts and Types Flashcards
operates on the premise that
understanding human experiences requires a nuanced and holistic approach.
▪ It emphasizes the subjective nature of reality,
recognizing that individuals interpret and experience
the world differently.
Qualitative Research
Enumerate the Core Concepts of Qualitative Research
- Inductive reasoning
- subjectivity
- contextual understanding
- Rich Data and Detailed
Descriptions
this is a Qualitative research follows an inductive approach, starting with observations and data collection to develop theories and insights rather
than testing pre-existing hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning
This is a Qualitative research recognizes the importance of subjective experiences and seeks to understand the meaning
individuals attribute to their actions, beliefs, and interactions.
Subjectivity
It emphasizes the importance of understanding phenomena within their specific contexts. It recognizes that human behavior is influenced by
a complex interplay of social, cultural, and environmental factors
Contextual Understanding
It aims to gather rich and detailed data, often in the form of text, audio, video, or images. This allows for a deeper understanding of the nuances
and complexities of human
experiences
Rich Data and Detailed
Descriptions
Enumerate the four Reasons for Conducting Qualitative Research
- Contextualization
- Exploration and Discovery
- In-Depth Understanding
- Developing Theory & Improving Practice
It helps to contextualize findings, understanding how
factors such as culture, social norms, and personal
experiences influence behavior.
Contextualization
It is ideal for exploring new topics or areas where limited
information exists. It allows researchers to uncover
emerging trends, identify key issues, and generate
hypotheses for further investigation
Exploration and Discovery
It provides a deeper understanding of complex
phenomena, capturing the nuances, complexities,
and subjective experiences of individuals.
In-Depth Understanding
It is often used to develop theories and frameworks based on empirical data, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in various fields.
Developing Theory & Improving Practice
Enumerate the five Common Qualitative Research Methods
- Biographical Life History
- Phenomenology
- Grounded Theory Study
- Ethnography
- Case Study
▪ At its core, it aims to capture the complexities, contradictions, continuities, and
changes that shape an individual’s life journey.
▪ It seeks to create a holistic and contextualized understanding of lived
experiences, revealing the intricate interplay between personal narratives and
wider social, cultural, and historical structures.
Biographical Life History
It is particularly valuable for exploring less tangible aspects of life, such as
values, beliefs, motivations, emotions, identities, and the underlying meanings
of actions. It often brings to light marginalized or silenced voices,
providing insights into diverse experiences and perspectives.
Biographical Life History
Who influenced the biographical life history by?, a
sociological perspective emphasizing the role of
social interaction in shaping individual identities.
Symbolic interactionism
They established the Research Committee “Biography and Society”
in 1984, dedicated to furthering the understanding of the
relationship between individual lives and social structures.
The International Sociological Association (ISA)
what are the process of Biographical life History
- Defining Research Objectives
- Formulating the Research Question
- Identifying Potential Participants
- Addressing Ethical Considerations
Ways of Collecting the Data of Biographical life history
- In-Depth Interviews
- Semi-Structured Interviews
- Creative Techniques
Interviews and can also
include other methods
such as analysis of
personal documents,
diaries, photographs,
and artifacts, as well as
observation and field
notes.
In-Depth
Interviews
Interviews for life histories are
usually semi-structured,
providing a general framework
of topics while allowing
flexibility for participants to
share their stories in their own
ways.
Semi-Structured
Interviews:
Photo and object
elicitation, participantgenerated drawings,
maps, and timelines to
elicit memories and
generate data in ways
that go beyond
traditional interviews
Creative Techniques
The analysis of biographical life history data often involves thematic analysis, identifying patterns, themes, and recurring motifs within the narratives
Thematic Analysis
Researchers may also employ narrative
analysis techniques to examine the structure, plot, and language of
the narratives, exploring how individuals construct meaning and
make sense of their experiences
Narrative Analysis
Reasons and Usefulness of Biographical Life History Research
- Understanding Individual Experiences
- Exploring Social and Cultural Influences
- Providing Insights into Marginalized Communities
- Developing Theory and Practice
-Subjectivity and Bias
- Generalizability
- Time Commitment
- Ethical Considerations
It emphasizes the iterative nature of research, where data collection and analysis
occur simultaneously. Instead, the researchers collect data through various
qualitative methods, such as interviews, observations, and document analysis,
and then analyze the data to identify emerging themes and patterns.
Grounded Theory Research
two sociologists who sought to create a more systematic
and rigorous approach to generating theory from data. and elaborated on their
methodology in their 1967 book, “The Discovery of
Grounded Theory”, which provided a detailed framework
for conducting grounded theory research.
Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
is “constant comparison,” where
researchers continuously compare new data with existing data to refine their
understanding of the phenomenon being studied.
Grounded Theory Research
a technique for analyzing data and identifying patterns
and relationships to develop theoretical insights. This
method was first described in their 1965 book,
“Awareness of Dying”.
Comparative Method
this is a sampling to select
participants or data sources based on their potential to contribute to the
emerging theory. This involves selecting individuals, events, or contexts that can offer diverse perspectives and enrich the theoretical understanding.
Theoretical Sampling
typically involves in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Researchers may also
use focus groups, participant-generated materials, or other methods to gather rich and detailed data
Data collection
Identifying relationships between different codes and categories.
Axial Coding
Identifying and assigning labels to meaningful segments of data
Open Coding
Researchers continuously compare new data with
existing data to identify patterns, themes, and relationships. This process
involves comparing data across different participants, events, and
contexts, and refining the codes and categories as new insights emerge.
Constant Comparison
Synthesizing the categories and developing a coherent
theoretical framework
Selective Coding
Reasons and Usefulness of Grounded Theory Research
- Developing New Theories
- Understanding Complex Processes
- Gaining Insights into Lived Experiences
- Generating Practical Applications
-Subjectivity and Bias
- Generalizability
- Time Commitment
- Ethical Considerations
: Researchers choose a specific phenomenon of interest, such as grief, resilience, or the experience of being a first-generation college student.
Identifying a Phenomenon
this seeks to understand the essence of experience,
meaning the underlying structures and patterns that shape our perception and understanding.
▪ It emphasizes the importance of individual perspectives and how
we uniquely interpret and make sense of the world.
Phenomenological Research
Researchers engage in this, setting aside their own preconceptions,
assumptions, and biases about the phenomenon.
bracketing
Common methods include: In-depth Interviews, Focus Groups,
Observation, Textual Analysis
Data Collection
Reasons and Usefulness of Phenomenological Research
- Understanding Subjective Experiences
- Exploring Meaning and Significance
- Developing New Theories and Insights
- Informing Practice and Policy
-Subjectivity and Bias
- Generalizability
- Time Commitment
- Ethical Considerations
is rooted in anthropology, where researchers immerse
themselves in a particular community or group to gain a firsthand understanding of their culture. This involves observing their daily routines, participating in their activities, and engaging in
conversations with members to unravel the underlying structures and
meanings that govern their lives.
Ethnography/ Ethnographic Research
The goal is to develop a “thick description” of the culture, capturing not only what people do but also why they do it, the social context in which their actions occur, and the meanings they attach to their
experiences
Ethnographic Research
Ways of Collecting the Data of Ethnographic Research
- Selecting a Research Site
- Gaining Access and Building Relationships
- Data Collection
Reasons and Usefulness of Ethnographic Research
- Understanding
Complex Social Phenomena - Exploring Cultural Diversity
- Developing New Theories and Practices
- Informing Design and
Innovation
-Subjectivity and Bias
- Generalizability
- Time Commitment
- Ethical Considerations
This iss distinct from other research methods in its focus
on a single or limited number of cases.
▪ It aims to provide a detailed and holistic understanding of the chosen
case, capturing its intricacies and nuances.
Case study
Researchers use this method to examine a specific instance of a
phenomenon, allowing them to explore its complexities and develop a
deeper understanding of its underlying causes, processes, and outcomes
Case Study
Reasons and Usefulness of Case Study Research
- Understanding
Complex Social
Phenomena - Exploring Cultural
Diversity - Developing New
Theories and Practices - Informing Policy and
Decision-Making
-Subjectivity and Bias
- Generalizability
- Time Commitment
- Ethical Considerations
