Qualitative Research and Its Concepts and Types

Question 1

operates on the premise that
understanding human experiences requires a nuanced and holistic approach.

▪ It emphasizes the subjective nature of reality,
recognizing that individuals interpret and experience
the world differently.

Answer 1

Qualitative Research

Question 2

Enumerate the Core Concepts of Qualitative Research

Answer 2

• Inductive reasoning
• subjectivity
• contextual understanding
• Rich Data and Detailed
  Descriptions

Question 3

this is a Qualitative research follows an inductive approach, starting with observations and data collection to develop theories and insights rather
than testing pre-existing hypotheses.

Answer 3

Inductive reasoning

Question 4

This is a Qualitative research recognizes the importance of subjective experiences and seeks to understand the meaning
individuals attribute to their actions, beliefs, and interactions.

Answer 4

Subjectivity

Question 5

It emphasizes the importance of understanding phenomena within their specific contexts. It recognizes that human behavior is influenced by
a complex interplay of social, cultural, and environmental factors

Answer 5

Contextual Understanding

Question 6

It aims to gather rich and detailed data, often in the form of text, audio, video, or images. This allows for a deeper understanding of the nuances
and complexities of human
experiences

Answer 6

Rich Data and Detailed
Descriptions

Question 7

Enumerate the four Reasons for Conducting Qualitative Research

Answer 7

• Contextualization
• Exploration and Discovery
• In-Depth Understanding
• Developing Theory & Improving Practice

Question 8

It helps to contextualize findings, understanding how
factors such as culture, social norms, and personal
experiences influence behavior.

Answer 8

Contextualization

Question 8

It is ideal for exploring new topics or areas where limited
information exists. It allows researchers to uncover
emerging trends, identify key issues, and generate
hypotheses for further investigation

Answer 8

Exploration and Discovery

Question 9

It provides a deeper understanding of complex
phenomena, capturing the nuances, complexities,
and subjective experiences of individuals.

Answer 9

In-Depth Understanding

Question 10

It is often used to develop theories and frameworks based on empirical data, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in various fields.

Answer 10

Developing Theory & Improving Practice

Question 11

Enumerate the five Common Qualitative Research Methods

Answer 11

• Biographical Life History
• Phenomenology
• Grounded Theory Study
• Ethnography
• Case Study

Question 12

▪ At its core, it aims to capture the complexities, contradictions, continuities, and
changes that shape an individual’s life journey.

▪ It seeks to create a holistic and contextualized understanding of lived
experiences, revealing the intricate interplay between personal narratives and
wider social, cultural, and historical structures.

Answer 12

Biographical Life History

Question 13

It is particularly valuable for exploring less tangible aspects of life, such as
values, beliefs, motivations, emotions, identities, and the underlying meanings
of actions. It often brings to light marginalized or silenced voices,
providing insights into diverse experiences and perspectives.

Answer 13

Biographical Life History

Question 14

Who influenced the biographical life history by?, a
sociological perspective emphasizing the role of
social interaction in shaping individual identities.

Answer 14

Symbolic interactionism

Question 15

They established the Research Committee “Biography and Society”
in 1984, dedicated to furthering the understanding of the
relationship between individual lives and social structures.

Answer 15

The International Sociological Association (ISA)

Question 16

what are the process of Biographical life History

Answer 16

1. Defining Research Objectives
2. Formulating the Research Question
3. Identifying Potential Participants
4. Addressing Ethical Considerations

Question 17

Ways of Collecting the Data of Biographical life history

Answer 17

• In-Depth Interviews
• Semi-Structured Interviews
• Creative Techniques

Question 18

Interviews and can also
include other methods
such as analysis of
personal documents,
diaries, photographs,
and artifacts, as well as
observation and field
notes.

Answer 18

In-Depth
Interviews

Question 19

Interviews for life histories are
usually semi-structured,
providing a general framework
of topics while allowing
flexibility for participants to
share their stories in their own
ways.

Answer 19

Semi-Structured
Interviews:

Question 20

Photo and object
elicitation, participantgenerated drawings,
maps, and timelines to
elicit memories and
generate data in ways
that go beyond
traditional interviews

Answer 20

Creative Techniques

Question 21

The analysis of biographical life history data often involves thematic analysis, identifying patterns, themes, and recurring motifs within the narratives

Answer 21

Thematic Analysis

Question 22

Researchers may also employ narrative
analysis techniques to examine the structure, plot, and language of
the narratives, exploring how individuals construct meaning and
make sense of their experiences

Answer 22

Narrative Analysis

Question 23

Reasons and Usefulness of Biographical Life History Research

Answer 23

• Understanding Individual Experiences
• Exploring Social and Cultural Influences
• Providing Insights into Marginalized Communities
• Developing Theory and Practice

-Subjectivity and Bias

• Generalizability
• Time Commitment
• Ethical Considerations

Question 24

It emphasizes the iterative nature of research, where data collection and analysis occur simultaneously. Instead, the researchers collect data through various qualitative methods, such as interviews, observations, and document analysis, and then analyze the data to identify emerging themes and patterns.

Answer 24

Grounded Theory Research

Question 25

two sociologists who sought to create a more systematic and rigorous approach to generating theory from data. and elaborated on their methodology in their 1967 book, "The Discovery of Grounded Theory", which provided a detailed framework for conducting grounded theory research.

Answer 25

Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss

Question 26

is "constant comparison," where researchers continuously compare new data with existing data to refine their understanding of the phenomenon being studied.

Answer 26

Grounded Theory Research

Question 27

a technique for analyzing data and identifying patterns and relationships to develop theoretical insights. This method was first described in their 1965 book, "Awareness of Dying".

Answer 27

Comparative Method

Question 28

this is a sampling to select participants or data sources based on their potential to contribute to the emerging theory. This involves selecting individuals, events, or contexts that can offer diverse perspectives and enrich the theoretical understanding.

Answer 28

Theoretical Sampling

Question 29

typically involves in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Researchers may also use focus groups, participant-generated materials, or other methods to gather rich and detailed data

Answer 29

Data collection

Question 30

Identifying relationships between different codes and categories.

Answer 30

Axial Coding

Question 30

Identifying and assigning labels to meaningful segments of data

Answer 30

Open Coding

Question 31

Researchers continuously compare new data with existing data to identify patterns, themes, and relationships. This process involves comparing data across different participants, events, and contexts, and refining the codes and categories as new insights emerge.

Answer 31

Constant Comparison

Question 32

Synthesizing the categories and developing a coherent theoretical framework

Answer 32

Selective Coding

Question 33

Reasons and Usefulness of Grounded Theory Research

Answer 33

- Developing New Theories - Understanding Complex Processes - Gaining Insights into Lived Experiences - Generating Practical Applications -Subjectivity and Bias - Generalizability - Time Commitment - Ethical Considerations

Question 34

: Researchers choose a specific phenomenon of interest, such as grief, resilience, or the experience of being a first-generation college student.

Answer 34

Identifying a Phenomenon

Question 34

this seeks to understand the essence of experience, meaning the underlying structures and patterns that shape our perception and understanding. ▪ It emphasizes the importance of individual perspectives and how we uniquely interpret and make sense of the world.

Answer 34

Phenomenological Research

Question 35

Researchers engage in this, setting aside their own preconceptions, assumptions, and biases about the phenomenon.

Answer 35

bracketing

Question 36

Common methods include: In-depth Interviews, Focus Groups, Observation, Textual Analysis

Answer 36

Data Collection

Question 37

Reasons and Usefulness of Phenomenological Research

Answer 37

- Understanding Subjective Experiences - Exploring Meaning and Significance - Developing New Theories and Insights - Informing Practice and Policy -Subjectivity and Bias - Generalizability - Time Commitment - Ethical Considerations

Question 37

is rooted in anthropology, where researchers immerse themselves in a particular community or group to gain a firsthand understanding of their culture. This involves observing their daily routines, participating in their activities, and engaging in conversations with members to unravel the underlying structures and meanings that govern their lives.

Answer 37

Ethnography/ Ethnographic Research

Question 38

The goal is to develop a "thick description" of the culture, capturing not only what people do but also why they do it, the social context in which their actions occur, and the meanings they attach to their experiences

Answer 38

Ethnographic Research

Question 39

Ways of Collecting the Data of Ethnographic Research

Answer 39

- Selecting a Research Site - Gaining Access and Building Relationships - Data Collection

Question 40

Reasons and Usefulness of Ethnographic Research

Answer 40

- Understanding Complex Social Phenomena - Exploring Cultural Diversity - Developing New Theories and Practices - Informing Design and Innovation -Subjectivity and Bias - Generalizability - Time Commitment - Ethical Considerations

Question 41

This iss distinct from other research methods in its focus on a single or limited number of cases. ▪ It aims to provide a detailed and holistic understanding of the chosen case, capturing its intricacies and nuances.

Answer 41

Case study

Question 42

Researchers use this method to examine a specific instance of a phenomenon, allowing them to explore its complexities and develop a deeper understanding of its underlying causes, processes, and outcomes

Answer 42

Case Study

Question 43

Reasons and Usefulness of Case Study Research

Answer 43

- Understanding Complex Social Phenomena - Exploring Cultural Diversity - Developing New Theories and Practices - Informing Policy and Decision-Making -Subjectivity and Bias - Generalizability - Time Commitment - Ethical Considerations