THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS 1 Flashcards
refers to the intellectual guide meant for ethical actions.
PRINCIPLE
Philosophically accepted basis or foundation that can be used to establish directions for ethically tenable actions.
PRINCIPLE
When erroneous principles are passed to generations it
becomes?
NORM
derived from human behavior and are not a product of mental speculations
Principles of bioethics
Legality is not always?
morality
3 CATEGORIES OF BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES
Principles of Faith
Principles of Christian Love
Principles of Christian Hope
Direct us to form a prudent conscience as fundamentally a process of knowing and the strengthening and deepening of human insight and reason
Principles of Faith
Principles involved: well-formed conscience, free and informed consent, moral discernment, double effect, legitimate cooperation, truth-telling, and professional communication.
Principles of Faith
Motivate the person to direct his will to be concerned about the welfare and needs of one another.
Principles of Christian Love
Principles involved: human dignity, justice, and totality/integrity.
Principles of Christian Love
They are the eschatologically-charged aspect of ethics. The principles look into the final coming of Jesus Christ in the fully realized kingdom of God, where His glory and majesty will prevail.
Principles of Christian Hope
Principles involved: growth through human suffering, human sexuality, stewardship, and creativity.
Principles of Christian Hope
All principles of bioethics are essentially interrelated
as one principle cannot stand alone to holistically address a dilemma
man and his health needs cannot just be viewed under a single category
but under a plurality of categories
No single principle can claim?
monopoly over a single case
The principles of bioethics are utilized according to?
certain hierarchy and precedence
When conflict arises the superior principles have?
precedence over the others
most important bioethical principle
“Principle of Human Dignity”
All decisions in healthcare must aim at THIS, that
is, the maximum integrated satisfaction of the innate needs of the human person, as individuals and members sharing common humanity
HUMAN DIGNITY
dignity comes from the Latin term
“dignitas” which means “worth” or “worthy”
irreducible because of its worth
Human dignity
Is the state of being worthy of respect and honor
Human dignity
Ontological level
“sa pagka-simula pa lang ng buhay, meroon ng dignidad ang tao”
Refers to the idea about the care for the integrity of creation, applicable to both natural resources and human creativity.
STEWARDSHIP & CREATIVITY
two types of dominion
School of Thought & Shared Governance/Dominion
absolute dominion over things. We should be the creator of the resource that we will use
School of Thought
the will of the donor will be our intention in using the resources given
Shared Governance/Dominion
An attendant principle that supports human dignity.
STEWARDSHIP & CREATIVITY
Preserving the integrity of the creation environment and ecological balance. Thus, human knowledge must build, not destroy; harmonize, not divide the totality of creation.
STEWARDSHIP & CREATIVITY
The proper attitude in caring for a patient should be a?
Shared Governance/Dominion
This principle requires us to appreciate the two great gifts that God has given:
STEWARDSHIP & CREATIVITY
What are the two great gifts that God has given?
○ The earth with all its natural resources.
○ Our human nature.
A misuse of creative intelligence leads to the destruction and eventual violation of this principle.
STEWARDSHIP & CREATIVITY
is caretaking or administering goods or services according to the will of the owner of goods and services.
Stewardship
Creation must also be used in view of the intention of the donor
intentio dantis
To promote human dignity, every person must develop, use, care for, and preserve all of his or her natural physical and psychic functions in such a way that:
○ never sacrificed except for the better functioning of the whole person
○ not sacrificed unless it is necessary to preserve life
THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY AND INTEGRITY has Ethical considerations in:
○ Cosmetic Surgeries
○ Genital Mutilation
○ Transsexual/Sex Reassignment Surgery
Properly applied to the individuality of the human person who is an embodied spirit with all the functions and capacities he naturally possesses.
THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY AND INTEGRITY
“The good of the part remains subordinated to the overall good of the whole. Therefore, the whole may be seen as a determining factor for the part, able to dispose of it in its own interest.”
THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY AND INTEGRITY
It pertains to almost all of medical procedures that have many medical implications when performed on patients.
DOUBLE EFFECT
*This principle is primarily used when a particular procedure will engender not only beneficial effects but also (calculate/foreseen) harmful effects.
DOUBLE EFFECT
For an action to be ethically legitimate or justified, it must satisfy four conditions as required by the principle.
DOUBLE EFFECT
4 TENETS
- The act must be ethically good or at least indifferent
- The agent’s intention is to achieve directly the beneficial effect and even if there is a resulting harmful effect.
- The foreseen beneficial effects must be equal to or greater than the foreseen harmful effects.
- The beneficial effect must happen first or at least the same time as the harmful effect.
actions that are not good but not bad.
Indifferent
