FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN BIOETHICS

Question 1

a conscious and free exercise of one’s
faculties, therefore, conscious and free.

Answer 1

THE HUMAN ACT

Question 2

voluntary actions– any actions that you do willingly.

Answer 2

Human acts

Question 3

act beyond the control of one’s will

Answer 3

Act of man

Question 4

involuntary actions which are beyond the control of your own will. (Ex.: beating of the heart, blinking of the eye, etc.)

Answer 4

Act of man

Question 5

Morality or ethics is more concerned with?

Answer 5

human acts rather than acts of man.

Question 6

3 CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN ACT

Answer 6

Knowledge, Freedom, Voluntariness

Question 7

resides in the intellect and is the mindfulness of what the moral agent is doing. You should know what you are doing

Answer 7

Knowledge

Question 8

the quality of the free will by which one is able to choose between one or more alternatives. You have the freedom and ability to choose.

Answer 8

Freedom

Question 9

the quality of the human act whereby any commission or omission of an act is a result of the knowledge that an agent has of the end. Refers to the act of doing the action itself.

Answer 9

Voluntariness

Question 10

3 SOURCES/DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY

Answer 10

The Object of the Act
Motive of the Agent
The Circumstances

Question 11

○ The very substance of the act
○ “What was performed by the agent?”

Answer 11

The Object of the Act

Question 12

○ Purpose for which a human agent does the act.
○ “What specifically does the agent want?”

Answer 12

Motive of the Agent

Question 13

The Circumstances

Answer 13

○ What – the intended object of the act.
○ Why – personal intention of the agent.
○ By what means – tools or procedures used.
○ How – modes of doing the act.
○ When – the time the act was performed.
○ Where – the spatial setting where the act is done.
○ Who – the person who does/receive

Question 14

Natural Law and Conscience

Answer 14

STANDARDS/NORM OF MORALITY

Question 15

laws should stem out of reason; “makatarungan”.

Answer 15

Ordinance of reason

Question 16

“dapat alam ng ibang tao”.

Answer 16

Promulgated

Question 17

Common good of the society

Answer 17

beneficial for all

Question 18

Law is necessary to regulate acts of the freewill.

Answer 18

STANDARDS/NORM OF MORALITY

Question 19

3 Kinds of Law

Answer 19

○ Natural Law
○ Divine Law
○ Human Positive Law

Question 20

A system of law that is purportedly determined by nature, and thus universal.

Answer 20

NATURAL LAW

Question 21

The pattern of behavior of animals, plants, or minerals follow such actions or movements in accordance with the will of the Divine Mind.

Answer 21

NATURAL LAW

Question 22

The practical judgment that determines that an act is good, therefore to be done, and evil, therefore to be avoided.

Answer 22

CONSCIENCE

Question 23

Considered as subjective because it is borne out of the
mental process of man.

Answer 23

CONSCIENCE

Question 24

4 Man has to follow his conscience:

Answer 24

○ Follow the law
○ Follow one;s cultural beliefs
○ Follow one’s feelings
○ Follow one’s religious beliefs

Question 25

Inform themselves as fully as possible about the facts of the case and about the attendant ethical norms.

Answer 25

PRINCIPLES OF WELL-FORMED CONSCIENCE

Question 26

Form a morally certain judgment of conscience on the
basis of this information

Answer 26

PRINCIPLES OF WELL-FORMED CONSCIENCE

Question 27

Act according to this well-formed judgment.
Be responsible for the actions performed.

Answer 27

PRINCIPLES OF WELL-FORMED CONSCIENCE

Question 28

The will is the human faculty whose function is to desire.

Answer 28

THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM

Question 29

The object of free will is that which is good, either in itself or as compared to other alternative good.

Answer 29

THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM

Question 30

Man alone is capable of morality because of his rational knowledge and freewill.

Answer 30

THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM

Question 31

Responsibility is an inherent outcome of an act done with freedom.

Answer 31

THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM