The Present Subjunctive Flashcards
<p>what is the present subjunctive?</p>
<p>The present subjunctive is a mood not a tense. In other words, it reflects how the speaker feels about the action (indicated by the verb). For example,</p>
<p><em>Mamá quiere que yo estudie para el examen.</em></p>
<p>In this<i></i>example, mamá wants "yo" to study, but we don't know if "yo" will actually study.</p>
<p>What is the difference between</p>
<p>the indicative and the subjuntive, and the imperativemoods?</p>
<p>The<strong>subjunctive mood</strong>is used to talk about desires, doubts, wishes, conjectures, and possibilities.</p>
<p>The<strong>indicative mood</strong>is used to talk about facts and other statements that are believed to be true and concrete.</p>
<p>There is a third mood: <strong>the imperative mood</strong>. We use it give commands.</p>
<p>What is the difference between mood and tense?</p>
<p>Mood vs. Tense</p>
<p><strong>Grammaticalmood</strong>reflects a speaker's attitude toward a statement. Spanish has three moods: the subjunctive, the indicative, and the imperative.</p>
<p><strong>Grammaticaltense</strong>refers to when an action takes place. Spanish has three tenses: the past, the present, and the future.</p>
<p>Negative tú (or usted, ustedes) commands</p>
<p>vs</p>
<p>the present subjunctive</p>
<p>Think about the subjunctive as a longer version of the negative command. The conjugations are the same. You have an advantage that you already know those conjugations. Thus, for this lesson you need to concentrate on the structure of the subjunctive sentence.</p>
<p>In case you forgot.....</p>
<p>Here are the conjugations for -ar ending verbs:</p>
<p>yo > -e</p>
<p>tú > -es</p>
<p>ud., él, ella > -e</p>
<p>nosotros, nosotras > -emos</p>
<p>uds., ellos, ellas > -en</p>
<p>Present subjuntive conjugations for</p>
<p>-er, -ir ending verbs...</p>
<p>Both infinitives use the same conjugations:</p>
<p>yo > -a</p>
<p>tú > -as</p>
<p>ud., él, ella > -a</p>
<p>nosotros, nosotras > -amos</p>
<p>uds., ellos, ellas > -an</p>
<p>Sample present subjunctive conjugation for</p>
<p>-ar ending verbs....</p>
<p>habl<strong>ar</strong></p>
<p>habl<strong>e</strong></p>
<p>habl<strong>es</strong></p>
<p>habl<strong>e</strong></p>
<p>habl<strong>emos</strong></p>
<p>habl<strong>en</strong></p>
<p>Sample present subjunctive conjugation for an</p>
<p>-er ending verb .....</p>
<p>com<strong>er</strong></p>
<p>com<strong>a</strong></p>
<p>com<strong>as</strong></p>
<p>com<strong>a</strong></p>
<p>com<strong>amos</strong></p>
<p>com<strong>an</strong></p>
<p>Here's the difficult section of these mood verbs...</p>
<p>Verbs with spelling changes, such as verbs ending in vowel + cer (conocer), -car, gar, zar ending verbs</p>
<p>use the same spelling changes as the negative commands:</p>
<p>vowel + cer > add z to the conjugation > con<strong>ocer</strong></p>
<p>-car > c > qu > bus<strong>car</strong></p>
<p>-gar > g > gu > pa<strong>gar</strong></p>
<p>-zar > z > c > cru<strong>zar</strong></p>
<p>There are some expression used at the beginning of a present subjunctive sentence...</p>
<p>Sentences that expressgeneral or impersonal ideas, such as,</p>
<p><em>Es necesario<strong>que</strong></em></p>
<p><em>Es bueno <strong>que</strong></em></p>
<p><em>Es importante <strong>que</strong></em></p>
<p>Use subjuntive conjugations in their subordinate clause. More on this issue on your video tutorial.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Please memorize the subjunctive conjugation for</p>
<p>dar...</p>
<p>dé</p>
<p>des</p>
<p>dé</p>
<p>demos</p>
<p>den</p>
<p>Subjunctive of estar</p>
<p>esté</p>
<p>estés</p>
<p>esté</p>
<p>estemos</p>
<p>estén</p>
<p>Subjuntive of haber</p>
<p>haya</p>
<p>hayas</p>
<p>haya</p>
<p>hayamos</p>
<p>hayan</p>
<p></p>
<p>Subjuntive of ir a</p>
<p>vaya a</p>
<p>vayas a</p>
<p>vaya a</p>
<p>vayamos a</p>
<p>vayan a</p>
<p>Subjuntive of saber</p>
<p>sepa</p>
<p>sepas</p>
<p>sepa</p>
<p>sepamos</p>
<p>sepan</p>
