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N133 > The Preschooler > Flashcards

The Preschooler Flashcards

1
Q

What are the proportional changes for biological development in the toddler?

A
  • growth slows considerably
  • important to tract growth patterns ( charts)
  • chest circumference exceeds abdomen but still appears squat and potbellied
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2
Q

What are the sensory for biological development in the toddler?

A
  • visual acuity of 20/40
  • full binocular vision and evidence of strabismus (deviated gaze)
  • development of taste preferences
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3
Q

What are the yrs of a toddler?

A

1-3yrs

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4
Q

what is a body weight increase for toddler?

A

triple

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5
Q

what is a body length increase?

A

50%

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6
Q

What % does the BW increase by 2.5yrs?

A

quadrupled

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7
Q

What else should you look at for confirmation of norms other than the growth chart?

A

family members

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8
Q

What is a growth chart looking for?

A

patterns overtime that are consistant and always in the 95th percentile

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9
Q

What is the head growth by 1yr?

A

12cm

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10
Q

What is the head growth every yr after the 1styr?

A

2.5cm

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11
Q

What age are chest and head circumference equal and when is the chest greater?

A

6mo - 1yr for equal

2yrs for chest greater

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12
Q

What age does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

12-18m

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13
Q

What are the expected noraml body contour and proportions?

A
  • prominent belly (even when walking

- Abd. Muscles not developed enough to support contents, walk with a wide stance, lordosis

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14
Q

When can you expect of sensory changes at this age?

A

explore world through all senses, senses are well developed by now & taste preferences develop (texture, appearance & smell)

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15
Q

what would you expect of the RR?

A

20-30BMP

slow but still abd. breathers

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16
Q

What would you expect of HR when awake?

A

80-120

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17
Q

What would you expect of BP?

A

99/64 (+/-10)

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18
Q

What would you expect of Brain size dev.?

A

90% of adult size

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19
Q

What would you expect of GI change?

A

; increase in acidity of stomach secretions therefore less GI infx and larger stomach capacity

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20
Q

What would you expect of the immune system?

A

matures as passive immunity wears off

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21
Q

Are large adenoids and tonsils common?

A

yes

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22
Q

What would you expect of fluid?

A

able to conserve fluids so less dehydration risk

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23
Q

how many teeth by 30-36m?

A

20 deciduous

24
Q

normal temp?

A

37.2

25
Q

normal O2SAT?

A

95-100

26
Q

What can you expect of milestones and how can they be encouraged?

A
  • slow and steady

Encourage by…

  • explore
  • experiences
  • independence

*children will develop at slightly different times and ways

27
Q

Normal expectation for gross motor at 12-13mo?

A

walks

28
Q

Normal expectation for gross motor at 15mo?

A

creeps up the stairs

29
Q

Normal expectation for gross motor at 18mo?

A
  • one stair at a time

- try to run but fall a lot

30
Q

Normal expectation for gross motor at 24mo?

A
  • walks alone
31
Q

Normal expectation for gross motor at 30mo?

A
  • run/jump from a chair or couch
  • jump down the stairs
  • jump up on two feet
  • stand on one foot briefly and tiptoe a few steps
32
Q

Normal expectation for fine motor at 18mo?

A
  • picks up small objects

- spoon to feed self

33
Q

Normal expectation for fine motor at 24mo?

A
  • scribbles

- open cupboards, turn door knobs, unscrew lids

34
Q

What Eriksons stage would the toddler be in?

A

Autonomy VS shame and doubt

  • need to develop a sense of independense but safety without over protection
  • begins to see self as separate from parent
  • able to tolerate being separated from parent
  • able to delay gratification

nehativisim, ritualism, mood swings, temper tantrums, regression

35
Q

What to expect for cognitive dev.?

A

discovering new ways to do things(actions)

36
Q

What age would expect object permanence?

A

15mo

37
Q

What cognitive dev. would you expect at 19-24mo?

A
  • Look for an object
  • deffered imitation (remember action the imitate it)
  • beginning of problem solving and symbolic thought
  • rational judgement and intellectual reasoning
  • categorizing data
  • safety is huge
38
Q

Where would the toddler be in Fowler’s spiritual dev. theory?

A
  • parallels cognitive dev.

- family and environment influence childs perception of the world in all aspects

39
Q

What age does the child recognize themself in the mirror and know genders??

A

2yo and 3yo

40
Q

What age does the child develop feelings of others?

A

3yo

41
Q

how many words at 15mo?

A

4-6

42
Q

What is the normal language dev. expectations for a 2yo?

A
  • 50-300
  • 2-3 sentences
  • knows colors
  • counts 5-10
  • ABC’s
43
Q

What is the normal play dev. for a 15mo?

A
  • stacks blocks and drops toy for retrieval
44
Q

What is the normal play dev. for a 18mo?

A

only begins to parallel play

imitates chores

45
Q

What is the normal play dev. for a 24mo?

A

parallel play

46
Q

What is the normal play dev. for a 30mo?

A

plays house and imitates parents actions

47
Q

What things are needed for toilet training?

A
  • physical readiness (control of rectal and urethral sphincters at about 18-24mo
  • cognitive understanding to hold until they can release
  • communicate the need to go
  • psychological: willingness to plz parents, ability to sit on toilet for 5-10min
  • parents need to be ready and stress free
48
Q

At what can a toddler handle a time-out?

A

18mo

49
Q

Is ritualistic behavior uncommon?

A

no, may be a sign they aren’t ready to be independent

50
Q

What should you expect for normal nutrition dev. at this age?

A
  • 12-18mo growth rate slows and so does appetite
  • need to for lots of protein
  • should eat the same foods as the family by 12mo
  • Grazing is a good way to ensure proper nutrition
51
Q

What should you expect for sleep

A
  • 12hrs a day

- 1-2naps a day (should end at toddlerhood tho)

52
Q

What should you expect for dressing?

A
  • pull on socks and underwear by the end of toddlerhood
53
Q

What should you expect for dental care?

A
  • 1st exam by 12mo, and no later than 24mo

- parents brush teeth until about 2-3 then supervised until 8yo

54
Q

When should hearing be tested?

A

18mo

55
Q

What are the 6 Competensies (QSEN) for nursing?

A

1) patient-centered care (family)
2) team work and collaboration
3) Quality improvement
4) Informatics
5) Evidence-based practice
6) Safety

N133 (8 decks)

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