The Preschooler Flashcards by Jenny Lew

What are the proportional changes for biological development in the toddler?

growth slows considerably
important to tract growth patterns ( charts)
chest circumference exceeds abdomen but still appears squat and potbellied

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What are the sensory for biological development in the toddler?

visual acuity of 20/40
full binocular vision and evidence of strabismus (deviated gaze)
development of taste preferences

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What are the yrs of a toddler?

1-3yrs

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what is a body weight increase for toddler?

triple

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what is a body length increase?

50%

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What % does the BW increase by 2.5yrs?

quadrupled

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What else should you look at for confirmation of norms other than the growth chart?

family members

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What is a growth chart looking for?

patterns overtime that are consistant and always in the 95th percentile

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What is the head growth by 1yr?

12cm

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What is the head growth every yr after the 1styr?

2.5cm

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What age are chest and head circumference equal and when is the chest greater?

6mo - 1yr for equal

2yrs for chest greater

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What age does the anterior fontanelle close?

12-18m

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What are the expected noraml body contour and proportions?

prominent belly (even when walking

- Abd. Muscles not developed enough to support contents, walk with a wide stance, lordosis

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When can you expect of sensory changes at this age?

explore world through all senses, senses are well developed by now & taste preferences develop (texture, appearance & smell)

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what would you expect of the RR?

20-30BMP

slow but still abd. breathers

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What would you expect of HR when awake?

80-120

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What would you expect of BP?

99/64 (+/-10)

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What would you expect of Brain size dev.?

90% of adult size

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What would you expect of GI change?

; increase in acidity of stomach secretions therefore less GI infx and larger stomach capacity

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What would you expect of the immune system?

matures as passive immunity wears off

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Are large adenoids and tonsils common?

yes

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What would you expect of fluid?

able to conserve fluids so less dehydration risk

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how many teeth by 30-36m?

20 deciduous

normal temp?

37.2

normal O2SAT?

95-100

What can you expect of milestones and how can they be encouraged?

- slow and steady Encourage by... - explore - experiences - independence *children will develop at slightly different times and ways

Normal expectation for gross motor at 12-13mo?

walks

Normal expectation for gross motor at 15mo?

creeps up the stairs

Normal expectation for gross motor at 18mo?

- one stair at a time | - try to run but fall a lot

Normal expectation for gross motor at 24mo?

- walks alone

Normal expectation for gross motor at 30mo?

- run/jump from a chair or couch - jump down the stairs - jump up on two feet - stand on one foot briefly and tiptoe a few steps

Normal expectation for fine motor at 18mo?

- picks up small objects | - spoon to feed self

Normal expectation for fine motor at 24mo?

- scribbles | - open cupboards, turn door knobs, unscrew lids

What Eriksons stage would the toddler be in?

Autonomy VS shame and doubt - need to develop a sense of independense but safety without over protection - begins to see self as separate from parent - able to tolerate being separated from parent - able to delay gratification *nehativisim, ritualism, mood swings, temper tantrums, regression*

What to expect for cognitive dev.?

discovering new ways to do things(actions)

What age would expect object permanence?

15mo

What cognitive dev. would you expect at 19-24mo?

- Look for an object - deffered imitation (remember action the imitate it) - beginning of problem solving and symbolic thought - rational judgement and intellectual reasoning - categorizing data - safety is huge

Where would the toddler be in Fowler's spiritual dev. theory?

- parallels cognitive dev. | - family and environment influence childs perception of the world in all aspects

What age does the child recognize themself in the mirror and know genders??

2yo and 3yo

What age does the child develop feelings of others?

3yo

how many words at 15mo?

4-6

What is the normal language dev. expectations for a 2yo?

- 50-300 - 2-3 sentences - knows colors - counts 5-10 - ABC's

What is the normal play dev. for a 15mo?

- stacks blocks and drops toy for retrieval

What is the normal play dev. for a 18mo?

only begins to parallel play | imitates chores

What is the normal play dev. for a 24mo?

parallel play

What is the normal play dev. for a 30mo?

plays house and imitates parents actions

What things are needed for toilet training?

- physical readiness (control of rectal and urethral sphincters at about 18-24mo - cognitive understanding to hold until they can release - communicate the need to go - psychological: willingness to plz parents, ability to sit on toilet for 5-10min - parents need to be ready and stress free

At what can a toddler handle a time-out?

18mo

Is ritualistic behavior uncommon?

no, may be a sign they aren't ready to be independent

What should you expect for normal nutrition dev. at this age?

- 12-18mo growth rate slows and so does appetite - need to for lots of protein - should eat the same foods as the family by 12mo - Grazing is a good way to ensure proper nutrition

What should you expect for sleep

- 12hrs a day | - 1-2naps a day (should end at toddlerhood tho)

What should you expect for dressing?

- pull on socks and underwear by the end of toddlerhood

What should you expect for dental care?

- 1st exam by 12mo, and no later than 24mo | - parents brush teeth until about 2-3 then supervised until 8yo

When should hearing be tested?

18mo

What are the 6 Competensies (QSEN) for nursing?

1) patient-centered care (family) 2) team work and collaboration 3) Quality improvement 4) Informatics 5) Evidence-based practice 6) Safety