The posterior abdominal wall Flashcards
What four bones are found in the posterior abdominal wall
Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, ilia and ribs (11,12)
What muscles are found in the posterior abdominal wall
The diaphragm, quadratus lumborum, iliacus muscle and psoas muscle.
Outline the diaphragm
Has a central tendon which retains its diameter and the rest is made of muscle fibres. Exhibits 3 passageways, T8: IVC
T10-Oesophagus
T12-Aorta
Outline the Quadratus lumborum
Posterior to kidneys, from iliac crest to rib-12 and also attaches laterally to the transv abdominis muscle.
functions to provide abdominal stability/lateral flexion.
Outline the iliacus+psoas
iliacus originates at the iliac blade and the psoas originates at the lumbar vertebrae, both insert at the lesser trochanter femur, function as hip flexors
PAW muscles- VAN
Veins/Artery:
diaphragm- Sup and Inf phrenic
Quad lumborum- Lumbar
Iliopsoas- Lumbar
nerves:
diaphragm- phrenic, intercostal, subcostal
Q-lumborum-lumbar
iliopsoas- femoral
what are somatic structures and what innervates them
muscles of the anterior/posterior abdominal wall, ribs, vertebrae and intervertebral, joints or sensory receptors in the skin and they are innervated by the lumbar plexus
How is pain categorised
Somatic, Visceral and referred
Outline somatic abdominal pain
pain that arises from somatic structures: skin, fascia, muscle and parietal peritoneum.
it is characteristically very precisely localised and sharp
when occurring on one side from midline it is termed ‘lateralized’.
Outline visceral abdominal pain
main causes: stretching viscous or mesentery (stones)
impaired blood supply to viscous (ischaemia)
chemical damage to viscous.
it is characteristically dull and poorly localised
Outline referred pain
Pain that is located other than the site of the original stimulus but supplied by the same or adjacent segments of the spinal cord
both somatic and visceral structures can induce referred pain.
What are some visceral structures
abdominal organs, mesenteries and visceral peritoneum.
