Regulation of homeostasis by the kidney: acid-base balance

Question 1

What are the pH ranges for the body

Answer 1

7.4 is the optimal pH, below 7.35 is acidaemia and the clinical condition is acidosis.
above 7.45 is alkalemia and the clinical condition is alkalosis.

Question 2

How do the is acid-base balance maintain

Answer 2

The lungs excrete a large amount of C02- this is a potential acid when reacted with water. the kidneys also secrete acids that cant is excreted by the lungs e.g. lactic acid so the kidneys reabsorb all the bicarbonate ions to act as a buffer.

Question 3

What are the two types of acidosis

Answer 3

Respiratory: caused by inadequate ventilation, can be acute or chronic.

metabolic: results from all conditions of than respiratory that decrease pH, always chronic.

Question 4

What are treatments for respiratory acidosis

Answer 4

restore ventilation,
treat underlying dysfunction
give IV lactate solution ( converted to bicarbonate buffer in the liver)

Question 5

What are treatments for metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

Give IV isotonic bicarbonate and give IV lactate solution

Question 6

What are the two types of alkalosis

Answer 6

respiratory: caused by hyperventilation, can be acute or chronic.
metabolic: results from all conditions other than respiratory that increase pH, always chronic.

Question 7

What are treatments for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 7

treat the underlying cause, breathe into paper bag, give IV cl- containing solution which increases bicarbonate ion excretion.

Question 8

what are treatments for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 8

give electrolyte to replace those lost

give IV cl- containing solution and treat the underlying disorder.