The Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are some key integrative functions of the hypothalamus and pituitary?

A
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2
Q

What kinds of hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A

Neurohormones

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3
Q

What kind of hormones does the posterior pituitary release?

A

Neurohormones (from hypothalamus)

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4
Q

What kind of hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

Endocrine hormones

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5
Q

What are 5 examples of tropic hypothalamic hormones?

A

Thyrotropic releasing hormone (TRH)

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)

Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

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6
Q

What are 2 inhibiting tropic hypothalamic hormones?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Dopamine

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7
Q

What is dopamine also known as?

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)

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8
Q

What is the classification of all of the tropic hypothalamic hormones?

A

Peptides, except for dopamine which is an amine

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9
Q

How are hormones transfered from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary?

A

Through hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (network of tiny vessels)

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10
Q

Contrast the anterior and posterior pituitary in terms of:

type of tissue

connections via

also called

size

A
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11
Q

Is the anterior or posterior pituitary larger?

A

Anterior makes up 2/3 of gland, posterior 1/3

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12
Q

What are the 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Growth hormone (GH)

Prolactin

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13
Q

What is the classification of anterior pituitary hormones?

A

All are peptides, and 5 are also tropic hormones

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14
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

Stimulates milk production from the breast during lactation

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15
Q

What is the target organ of prolacin?

A

Mammary glands

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16
Q

What is the target organ of GH?

A

Musculoskeletal system

17
Q

What is the target organ of TSH

A

Thyroid gland

18
Q

What is the target organ of ACTH?

A

Adrenal cortex

19
Q

What is the target organ of gonadotropins?

A

Gonads (ovary/testes)

20
Q

What does TSH cause?

A

Thyroid hormone (TH) release from thyroid

21
Q

What does addrenocorticotropic hormone cause?

A

Cortisol release from adrenal cortex

22
Q

What tropic and what direct effects does GH have?

A

Tropic - IGF-1 release from liver

Direct - tissue metabolism

23
Q

What tropic and what direct effect does luteinising hormone have?

A

Tropic - sex hormone release

Direct - regulation of reproductive function

24
Q

What are the 3 integration centres involved in the feedback control of the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Target endocrine cell

25
What are the 2 neurohormones stored and released from the posterior pituitary?
Vasopressin Oxytocin
26
Are the hormones released from the posterior pituitary formed there?
No, they are formed in the hypothalamus but stored and released fromt he posterior pituitary
27
What are vasopressin and oxytocin synthesised in?
Magnocellular neurones in hypothalamus
28
How does vasopressin and oxytocin get from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary?
1) Axons project down infundibulim to posterior pituitary 2) Do not synapse with other neurons, terminals end directly on capillaries
29
What classification of hormones do posterior pituitary hormones behave as?
Typical peptide hormones, so: synthesis and storage in vesicles acts on cell surface receptors
30
For Vasopressin and Oxcytocin compare the: * Function * Trigger * Mode of action