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Mariam Endocrine > Major Hormone > Flashcards

Major Hormone Flashcards

1
Q

Includes

A 
Thyroid hormone
Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Somatostatin
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitriol
Growth Hormone
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2
Q

What stimulates & inhibits Thyroxine release?

A

S] Cold Pregnancy & Exercise

I] Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol & Somatostatin

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3
Q

What does thyroxine do?

A

Increases:

  • Metabolic rate
  • Thermogenesis
  • Lipolysis
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Proteolysis
  • GH receptor expression (permissive)

Involved in foetal brain development

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4
Q

What triggers & inhibits insulin release?

A

S]

  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Amino acids
  • Vagal Activity
  • Glucagon
  • Incretin hormones

I]

  • Somatostatin
  • Sympathetic (alpha2 receptors)
  • Stress e.g. hypoxia
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5
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Increases:

  • Glucose uptake
  • Glycogen synthesis
  • Amino acid uptake
  • Protein synthesis
  • TAG synthesis
  • K+ Entry to cells

Permissive to GH

Inhibits gluconeogenesis

Antagonizes Cortisol

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6
Q

What is Glucagon?

A

A peptide hormone produced by Alpha cells in pancreas.

Serves to raise blood glucose

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7
Q

What stimulates/inhibits Glucagon?

A

S]

  • Low blood glucose
  • High blood amino acids
  • Sympathetic Activity via epinephrine
  • Cortisol
  • Stressfull stimuli e.g. exercise or infection

I]

  • Insulin
  • High blood glucose
  • Somatostatin
  • Free FA/Ketones
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8
Q

What does glucagon do?

A
  • Promotes Gluconeogenesis
  • Lipolysis
  • Glycogenolysis
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9
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

A catecholamine produced in adrenal medulla

Serves the fight/flight instinct

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10
Q

What stimulates/inhibits epinephrine?

A

Sympatetic activity

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11
Q

Functions of epinephrine?

A
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Lipolysis
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Glycogenolysis
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12
Q

What is cortisol?

A

A steroid hormone (glucocorticoid) produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.

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13
Q

What alters cortisol produciton?

A

CRH –> ACTH

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14
Q

What does cortisol do?

A

Immunity:
- Suppresses Immunity

Calcium:

  • Inihibits Osteoblasts
  • Increases renal Ca2+ excretion
  • Decreases Gut Ca2+ Absorption

Thyroid:
- Inhibits TSH release

Glucose:

  • Permissive to GLucagon
  • Decreases insulin sensitivity
  • Proteolysis/Lipolysis/Gluconeogenesis

Water:
- In high concs it functions like aldosterone

Stimulates Somatostatin

Permissive to norepinephrine (vasoconstriction)

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15
Q

How can diabetes cause osteoporosis?

A

Cortisol inhibits osteoblasts and lowers serum Ca2+

  • > More PTH
  • > Bone resorption
  • > Osteoporosis

Normally insulin antagonizes cortisol, diabetics just get osteoporosis

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16
Q

What is aldosterone?

A

A steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid) produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

17
Q

What stimulates/inhibits aldosterone?

A

S]
Low blood volume, low BP or hyperosmolar blood through the RAAS

I] opposite

18
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion at kidney tubule to raise blood volume

19
Q

What is somatostatin?

A

AKA GHIH

Trophic peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and Delta cells of the pancreas

20
Q

What stimulates/inhibits somatostatin release?

A 
S] 
Cortisol
REM sleep
Free FAs
High glucose
21
Q

What does somatostatin do?

A

Inhibits GH release
Slows nutrient absorption
Inhibits Glucagon/insulin release

22
Q

What is parathyroid hormone?

A

A peptide hormone released by the parathyroid glands

23
Q

What stimualtes PTH?

A

Low serum Ca

24
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Raises serum calcium by:

  • Stimulating calcitriol release from kidney/liver
  • inhibits osteoblasts/stimulates osteoclasts
  • Increases renal phosphate excretion
  • Increases renal Ca2+ reabsorption
25
Q

What is calcitriol?

A

aka Active Vit D3 or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Steroid hormone released from kidney and liver

26
Q

What stimulates/inhibits calcitriol?

A

S]

  • PTH
  • Prolactin
27
Q

What does calcitriol do?

A

Raises serum Ca2+ by:

  • Increases Ca2+ absorption from gut
  • Increases renal Ca2+ reabsorption
  • Stimulates osteoclasts
28
Q

What is growth hormone?

A

A trophic peptide hormone releases from the Ant. Pituitary

29
Q

What stimulates/inhibits Growth Hormone?

A

S]

  • Insufficient energy e.g. hypoglycaemia or exercise/cold
  • High Plasma AAs
  • Stressfull stimuli (stress.infection)
  • Delta sleep
  • Sex steroids

I]

  • Rem Sleep
  • Cortisol
  • FAs
  • Glucose
30
Q

What does GH do?

A
  • Cartilage formation in long bones through IGF-1
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Decreases insulin sensitivity
  • Sensitizes adipocytes to epinephrine (permissive effect)
  • Increases AA uptake & protein synthesis

Mariam Endocrine (24 decks)

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