THE PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE OF CARING Flashcards
The essence of her theory is authentic caring for the
purpose of preserving the dignity and wholeness of humanity.
JEAN WATSON
envisions nursing as a human science discipline as
well as an academic – clinical profession with a societal
mission, that is, “caring and healing work with others during
their most vulnerable moments of life’s journey.”
JEAN WATSON
Originally defined as a human - to - human connectedness
occuring in a nurse – patient encounter wherein ‘each is touched
by the human center of the other’.
TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP
were identified by Watson as
factors that characterize the nursing-caring transaction
occuring within a given caring moment or occasion. are not intended to
be a checklist but to be a philosophical and conceptual
guide to nursing.
TEN CARATIVE
FACTORS
TEN CARATIVE
FACTORS
1. Forming a humanistic-altruistic system of values.
2. Enabling and sustaining hope.
3. Being sensitive to self and others.
4. Developing a helping-trusting, caring relationship
(seeking trans- personal connections).
5.Promoting expression and accepting
the of positive and negative
feelings and emotions.
6.Engaging in creative, individualized,
problem-solving caring processes.
7.Promoting teaching-learning.
transpersonal
8.Attending to be supportive, protective and/or corrective
mental, physical, societal and spiritual environments.
9. Assisting with gratification of basic human needs
while preserving human dignity and wholeness
10. Allowing for, and beingopen to, existential-
phenomenological and spiritual dimensions of
caring healing that cannot be explained
scientifically through and fully modern Western medicine.
Proposed the Novice-expert model
PATRICIA BENNER
The person has no background experience of
the situation in which he or she is involved.
Novice
The advance beginner stage in the Dreyfus
model develops when the person can
demonstrate marginally acceptable performance
having coped with enough real situations to
note, or to have pointed out by mentor, the
recurring meaningful components of the
situation. Still requires mentor or experienced nurse to
assist with defining situations, to set priorities,
and to integrate practical knowledge (English,
1993)
Advanced Beginner
The most pivotal in clinical learning
because the learner must begin to recognize patterns and
determine which elements of the situation warrant attention
and which can be ignored.
Competent
The most pivotal in clinical learning
because the learner must begin to recognize patterns and
determine which elements of the situation warrant attention
and which can be ignored.
Competent
he nurse possesses a deep understanding of situations as they occur, less conscious
planning is necessary, critical thinking and decision-making skills have developed. his level demonstrate a new ability to see changing relevance in a
situation including the recognition and the implementation of
skilled responses to the situation as is it evolves.
Proficient
This stage occurs after five years or greater in
the same area of nursing (these nurses
changing areas of nursing practice may progress
more quickly through the five stages)
Expert
