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Module 104: Theme 1 > The peritoneal cavity > Flashcards

The peritoneal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm

A

The innermost germ layer.

Develops into most of the gut including the epithelium and glands of the digestive tract.

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2
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle layer in a gastrula.

Develops into the muscle layer in the gut.

Includes muscles of the oesophagus, stomach and intestines.

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3
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost layer of the gastrula.

Develops into the epithelium at the crucial and caudal ends of the digestive tract.

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4
Q

Membrane that closes the cranial end of the primitive gut.

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

Occurs at week 4.

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5
Q

Membrane that closes the caudal end of the primitive gut.

A

Cloacal membrane.

Membrane forms at week 4.

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6
Q

Components of the [5]

A

Oesophagus

Stomach

Proximal half of the duodenum

Liver

Pancreas

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7
Q

Components of the midgut [6]

A

Distal half of the duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Cecum

Ascending and 3/4 of the transverse colon (first part of the colon)

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8
Q

Components of the hindgut [5]

A

The last 1/4 of the transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

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9
Q

Origin of the mesentery

A

Mesodermal origin

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10
Q

Mesentery

  • structure
  • two types
  • function
A

Structure formed from the double layer of the peritoneum.

Can be dorsal or ventral.

Function:

  • Suspends gut organs
  • Pathway for various structures: blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics.
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11
Q

What mesentery degenerates during development

A

Ventral mesentery

Only part that remains is the foregut.

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12
Q

Dorsal mesentery ligaments [4]

A

Gastrosplenic

Lienorenal

Greater omentum

Mesentery of the small and large intestines.

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13
Q

Ligaments of the ventral mesentery

A

Ligaments of the liver

Falciform

Lesser omentum

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14
Q

Lesser omentum

  • What mesentery
  • Function
A

Of the ventral mesentery.

Attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

Contains a free edge that allows one to reach to the back of the stomach.

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15
Q

Other term for abdominal cavity

A

Abdominopelvic

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16
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Ligament that attaches the Anterior, superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle.

Location of the Inguinal canal.

17
Q

External oblique

  • Origin
  • Insertion [3]
  • Fibres
A

Skeletal muscle of the anterior abdominal wall.

Contains fibres going downwards.

Origin:
Outer surface of the lower 8 ribs.

Insertion:

  • Linea alba
  • Iliac crest
  • Pubic tubercle
18
Q

Internal obliques

  • Origin [2]
  • Insertion [3]
  • Fibres
A

Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall with upward fibres.

Origin:

  • Lateral third of linguinal ligament.
  • Anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest.

Insertion:

  • Linea alba
  • Costal margin
  • Crest of pubic bone
19
Q

Transversus abdominis

  • Origin [3]
  • Insertion [2]
  • Fibres
A

Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall with horizontal fibres.

Origin:

  • Lateral third of the inguinal ligament.
  • Interior surface of the lower 6 ribs.
  • Iliac crest.

Insertion:

  • Linea alba
  • Crest of pubic bone
20
Q

Rectus abdominis

  • Origin [2]
  • Insertion [2]
  • Fibres
A

Anterior abdominal muscle with vertical fibres.

Origin:
Pubic symphysis
Pubic crest

Insertion:
Xyphoid process
5-7th costal cartilages

21
Q

Arteries that supply the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

A

Superior and inferior epigastric.

Intercostal

Circumflex iliac

22
Q

Veins that drain the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

A

Thoracoepigastric vein

23
Q

Innervation of the muscles on the anterior abdominal wall.

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves

Thoracic and subcostal nerves- supply rectus abdominis

24
Q

Function of the external oblique muscle

A

Torsional movement of the trunk- works with internal oblique.

25
Q

Function of the internal oblique muscle

A

Flexes and rotate the trunk.

Compresses viscera.

26
Q

Function of the transverse abdominis

A

Compresses viscera

Supports viscera

27
Q

Function of the rectus abdominis

A

Flexes the trunk

Compresses viscera

28
Q

Greater and lesser pelvis

A

Greater pelvis:
- Also false pelvis, contains abdominal organs.

Lesser pelvis:
- Also true pelvis, contains pelvic organs.

29
Q

Pelvic inlet

- boundaries

A

Planar surface of the pelvis that separates the abdominal from the pelvic cavity.

Posteriorly- promontory

Posterio-lateraly- margin of ala

Laterally- Arcuate line.

Anterolateraly- pecten pubic

Anteriorly- pubic crest.

30
Q

Lesser sac

A

Formed as a result of organ rotation.

The sac is the region behind the stomach.

31
Q

Greater sac

A

Formed as a result of organ rotation.

The majority of the peritoneal cavity that is not behind the stomach.

The greater sac communicates with the epiploic foramen

32
Q

Inguinal canal

  • Structures that limit it
  • Comparison in male vs females
  • Similarity in males and females
A

Difference in males and females:

  • Canal is larger in males.
  • Passageway for the spermatic cord in males.
  • Passageway for the round ligament of the uterus in females.

Structures that limit it:

  • Superficial inguinal ring: formed by aponeurosis of the external oblique transversalis fascia
  • Deep inguinal rings: formed by the transversalis fascia

Similarities in males and females:
- Genital nerve passes through the canal

33
Q

Genital nerve

  • Origin
  • Innervation in males and females
A

Branch of the genitofemoral nerve that passes through the inguinal canal.

Present in both males and females.

  • Supplies the cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin in males
  • Supplies the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females.
34
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Structure that inguinal canal serves as a passageway for.

Contains:
- Vas deferens: carries sperm to the ejaculatory duct.

  • Gonadal vessels
  • Cremaster muscle
  • Nerves, lymphatics.
35
Q

Internal spermatic fascia

A

The innermost covering of the spermatic cord.

Derived from the transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall.

36
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

An aponeurotic membrane between the inner surface of the transverse abdominis and the parietal peritoneum.

Contributes to the internal spermatic fascia.

37
Q

Cremasteric fascia

A

The middle covering layer of the spermatic cord.

It is a continuation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal internal oblique muscle.

38
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

The outer covering of the spermatic cord.

It is a continuation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle.

Module 104: Theme 1 (18 decks)

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