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Module 104: Theme 1 > Contents of the abdomen > Flashcards

Contents of the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal subdivisions

A

The upper region:
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac

Middle region:
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar

Lower region:
Right iliac/ inguinal
Hypogastric/ pubic
Left iliac

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2
Q

Organs in the right upper region of the abdomen

A

Right lobe of the liver

Gallbladder

Duodenum

Head of pancreas

Hepatic flexure of colon

Part of the ascending and transverse colon

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3
Q

Organs in the left upper region of the abdomen

A

Stomach

Spleen

Left lobe of the liver

Body of pancreas

Splenic flexure of colon

Part of the transverse and descending colon

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4
Q

Organs in the right lower region of the abdomen

A

Cecum

Appendix

Ascending colon

Small intestine

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5
Q

Organs in the left lower region of the abdomen

A

Small intestine

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

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6
Q

Three layers of the digestive tract

A

Serous- outer membrane

Muscular- middle layer

Mucosal- inner layer

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7
Q

Serous layer

A

Outer membrane of the digestive tract.

Secretes lubricating fluid

The outer epithelial layer secretes substances whilst the inner layer contains connective tissues and vessels.

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8
Q

Muscular layer

A

The middle layer of the digestive tract.

Can be longitudinal or circular

Responsible for moving the contents of the lumen.

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9
Q

Mucosal layer

A

The innermost layer of the digestive tract

Lines internal organs exposed to the external environment.

Secretes mucus (duh)

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10
Q

GI tract division

A

Oral cavity —> Pharynx —> Oesophagus —> Stomach —> Duodenum —> Jejunum —-> Ileum —> Colon—> anus

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11
Q

Oral cavity

A

Point of entry in the GI tract.

Contains accessory organs:
Teeth- mechanical digestion
Tongue- taste, swallowing, mixing

Palate- blocks nasal cavity during swallowing

Salivary glands

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12
Q

Pharynx

A

Area of the GI tract after the oral cavity.

Directs food to the oesophagus from the mouth.

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13
Q

Oesophagus

A

After the pharynx

Around 25 cm

Posterior to trachea

Pierces diaphragm at T10, at the oesophageal hiatus—-> Leads to the stomach

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14
Q

Stomach

  • Location
  • Openings
  • Curvatures
  • Sphincters
  • Muscle layers
A

Most dilated part of the alimentary canal, between the oesophagus and small intestine.

Under the heart and diaphragm.

Openings:
Cardiac orifice- from oesophagus
Pyloric orifice- to the duodenum

Curvatures:
Lesser- superior
Greater- inferior

Sphincters:
Pyloric
Cardial

Muscular layers:
Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique

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15
Q

Small intestines

  • Function
  • Length
  • Sections
A

Convoluted tube that connects the Pylorus of the stomach to the ileocaecal junction.

Area for digestion and absorption of food.

5m long

Sections:

  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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16
Q

Duodenum

  • Structure
  • Parts
  • Function
  • Ending
A

The first section of the small intestines:
Connects pylorus to the jejunum.

Retroperitoneal

C shape, Parts:
Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

The duct from the pancreas and gallbladder release their juices into the duodenum.

Ending: duodenal-jejunal flexure

17
Q

Jejunum and Ileum

A

The site of absorption of the small intestines.

Contains villi and microvilli which increase SA for absorption.

Contains one attached and one free edge to allow motility.

18
Q

Colon

A

Joins ileum to the anus- terminal section of the GI tract.

M shaped, 4 parts:
Ascending- retroperitoneal
Transverse
Descending- retroperitoneal
Sigmoid

Function:
Absorption of water
Formation and defecation of faeces

Rectum and anus- contains sphincter that allows defecation

19
Q

Foregut

  • Blood supply and drainage
  • Lymphatics
  • Nervous supply
A

Artery
- Celiac

Vein
- Portal

Lymphatics
- Celiac nodes

Sympathetic supply = celiac ganglia

Parasympathetic supply= vagus

20
Q

Midgut

  • Blood supply and drainage
  • Lymphatics
  • Nervous supply
A

Artery
- Superior Mesenteric

Vein
- Superior mesenteric

Lymphatics
- Superior mesenteric nodes

Sympathetic supply = Superior mesenteric ganglia

Parasympathetic supply= vagus

21
Q

Hindgut

  • Blood supply and drainage
  • Lymphatics
  • Nervous supply
A

Artery
- Inferior Mesenteric

Vein
- Inferior mesenteric

Lymphatics
- Inferior mesenteric nodes

Sympathetic supply = Inferior mesenteric ganglia

Parasympathetic supply= Pelvic splanchnic

22
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Artery that supplies the midgut: Distal part of the duodenum to the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

Branches:
Middle colic

Right colic

Ileocaecal

Jejunal and ileal branches

23
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Artery that supplies the hindgut: Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and half way down anal canal

Branches (moving clockwise):
Left colic

Sigmoid

Superior rectal

24
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

Spinal nerves S2-4, sacral plexus

Parasympathetic supply to the hindgut.

Module 104: Theme 1 (18 decks)

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