The periodic table of elements Flashcards
what is the periodic law
“properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number”
- when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties
What are the characteristics of group 1 alkali metals
- silver coloured, soft metals
- highly reactive and rarely found in elemental form in nature
What are the characteristics of group 2 alkaline earth metals
- silver coloured, soft metals
- reactivity similar to alkali metals
What are the characteristics of group 8 noble gases
- chemically inert
- nonmetallic
- atomic gases at standard conditions
What are the characteristics of group 7 halogens
- highly reactive and toxic
- nonmetallic
states change down the group
What are the characteristics of metalloids
- properties of both metals and nonmetals
What are transition metals
- elements with at least one oxidation state that has a partially filled d-subshell
- metals with high densities, melting and boiling points
- form coloured compounds and complex ions
- valencies are variable and ions readily undergo oxidation or reduction
What are the characteristics of lanthanides
- in the f-block
- also known as rare earth metals
- shiny and silvery-white, stain easily when exposed to air
- have high melting and boiling points
What are the characteristics of actinides
- in f-block
- all radioactive
- very dense metals with distinctive structures
- numerous allotropes e.g. plutonium has at least 6 allotropes
what is the general pattern of “size of atoms”
increases on descending a group
what is the general pattern of “metallic character”
increases descending a group
what is the general pattern of “reactivity”
- metals become more reactive on descending a group
- nonmetals become less reactive
generally what does the valency of groups 1, 2, 3, 4 equal
group number
generally what does the valency of groups 5, 6, 7, 8 equal
8 - group number
what is valency
the number of chemical bonds formed by an atom
