The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is Group 1?

Answer 1

Alkali Metals

Question 2

What are the physical properties of alkali metals?

Answer 2

• soft, can be cut easily
• shiny when freshly cut
• low melting and boiling points
• low densities
• good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 3

Moving down Group 1,

Answer 3

• reactivity increases
• density increases
• melting and boiling points decrease

Question 4

What is Group 7?

Answer 4

Halogens

Question 5

What are the physical properties of halogens?

Answer 5

• low melting and boiling points
• coloured
• poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 6

Moving down Group 17,

Answer 6

• reactivity decreases
• density increases
• melting and boiling points increase
• colour becomes darker

Question 7

What are the elements between Group 2 and Group 13?

Answer 7

Transition Elements/Metals

Question 8

What are the physical properties of transition metals?

Answer 8

• high melting and boiling points
• high densities
• good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 9

What is the relationship between the group number and the charge of the ion formed by the elements?

Answer 9

As the group number increases, the ionic charge decreases.

Question 10

Group 1, 2 and 13 are metals. How many valence electrons do they have?

Answer 10

They have less than four valence electrons so they tend to give their valence electrons to form positive ions to attain fully filled shells.

Question 11

Group 15, 16 and 17 are non-metals. How many valence electrons do they have?

Answer 11

They have more than four valence electrons so they tend to receive valence electrons to form negative ions to attain fully filled shells.

Question 12

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 12

Their atoms have fully filled valence shells. They do not need to combine with other atoms by losing, gaining or sharing electrons.

Question 13

What is Group 18?

Answer 13

Noble gases

Question 14

What are the physical properties of noble gases?

Answer 14

• low melting and boiling points
• insoluble in water
• colourless at room temperature

Question 15

What are the chemical properties of halogens?

Answer 15

They react with mostly metals to form metal halides.

Question 16

What are the chemical properties of alkali metals?

Answer 16

They react with water to form metal hydroxide or hydrogen.

Question 17

What are the characteristic properties of transition metals?

Answer 17

• have variable oxidation states
• form coloured compounds
• act as catalysts

Question 18

Answer 18

• Metallic properties increase while non-metallic properties decrease down a group
• Metallic properties decrease while non-metallic properties increase from left to right

Question 19

Why are alkali metals very reactive?

Answer 19

They only have one valence electron, hence they lose it very readily to form ions with a charge of +1.

Question 20

Why are halogens reactive non-metals

Answer 20

They have seven electrons, hence they gain one electron very readily to form ions with a charge of -1.

Question 21

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 21

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its salt solution.

Question 22

All halogens exist as diatomic covalent molecules.