The Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of elements

A

Metals metaloids non metals

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2
Q

where metals located on the periodic table

A

left side of staircase

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3
Q

where are non metals located

A

right side of staircase

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4
Q

where are metalloids

A

either side of the staircase ex aluminum

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5
Q

horizontal rows

A

periods

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6
Q

how many periods are there

A

7

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7
Q

vertical columns

A

groups or families

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8
Q

group A

A

representative elements

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9
Q

group B

A

Transition elements

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10
Q

Cations

A

Metals that lose electrons to become positive charged ions

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11
Q

Anions

A

Non metals that gain electrons to become negativity charged ions

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12
Q

Periodic law

A

elements arranged in order of increasing atomic
elements with similar
chemical properties appear periodically

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13
Q

Periodic Trends

A

chemical reactivity
Atomic Radius
Ionic Radius
Ionization Energy
electronegavativity

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14
Q

Chemical Reactivity

A

similar # of valance electron = similar chemical properties

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15
Q

Atomic Radius

A

length from center of nucleus to outermost electron

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16
Q

What happens to the atomic radius when you go down a group

A

Atomic radius increases because there are more electron shells = more shielding electrons which block the attraction between the nucleus and the outer most electron, electrons repel spreading out

17
Q

what happens to atomic radius when you move across periods

A

when you go left to right across and period the atomic radius decreases because there are more protons without an additional electron shell = higher effective nuclear charge ( attraction) to pull in the electrons

18
Q

Ionic radius

A

Cations become smaller
Anions become larger

19
Q

Cations become smaller why?

A

lost of an electron which increases effective nuclear charge ( more attraction between nucleus and electron bring the electrons closer) which makes the atom smaller

20
Q

( Ionic radius ) Anions become bigger Why?

A

Gain of electrons decreases effective nuclear charge causing the electrons to repel and spread out ( atom gets bigger)

21
Q

Ionization Energy

A

the energy required to remove the outer most electrons

22
Q

what happens to the ionization energy when the atom is smaller

A

it increases because the attraction to the nucleus is greater ( effective nuclear charge) needed more energy to remove the outer electrons

23
Q

what happens to the ionization energy when the atom is big

A

it decreases because the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus is lower due to shielding electrons

24
Q

Why are atomic mass and ionization energy trends the opposite?

A

When atomic radius decreases ionization energy increases
when atomic radius decreases ionization increases

25
Q

successive ionization energies

A

when trying to remove a core electron the ionization energy is very high because the electrons are held closer to the nucleus due to the effective nuclear charge is very high

26
Q

electronegativity

A

tendency for a bonded atom to attract electrons
decreases going down groups increases moving left to right in periods

27
Q

why do smaller atoms have high electronegativity

A

smaller atoms have a greater effective nuclear charge causing the electrons to be closer to the nucleus so the smaller atom will hold the shared election closer to its self then the larger bonded atom

28
Q

when do the protons stay in the nucleus

A

the protons are attracted to the neutrons

29
Q

what is nuclear force

A

the attraction between the protons and neutrons that is holding the nucleus together

30
Q

what groups are the periodic table broken up into

A

alkali metals
alkali earth metals
transition metals
non metals
metalloids
halogens
noble gases
lanthanoids
actinoids

31
Q

what metal is not a solid

A

mercury

32
Q

what non metals are not gases

A

bromine (liquid) and iodine( solid)

33
Q

characteristics of metals

A

often grey and shinny
solid
conductors of heat and electricity
Cations

34
Q

characteristics of non metals

A

mostly gases
anions
non conductors

35
Q

characteristics metalloids

A

elements along staircase
both metallic and non metallic proprieties
partail conductor
Malleable