The Periodic Table

Question 1

Describe Dimitri Mendeleev’s periodic table

Answer 1

• Left gaps for undiscovered elements
• arranged in groups and periods
• separated metals and non-metals
• arranged in order of increasing atomic mass

Question 2

Describe modern periodic table

Answer 2

• No gaps, all elements discovered
• actinides and lanthanide included
• nobel gases included
• elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Question 3

What is the name given to the elements in group 1

Answer 3

The alkali metals

Question 4

What is the name given to the elements in group 2

Answer 4

Alkaline earth metals

Question 5

What is the name given to the elements in group 7

Answer 5

Halogens

Question 6

What is the name given to the elements in group 8/10

Answer 6

Noble gases

Question 7

What is the name given to the elements in the block between group 2 and 3

Answer 7

Transition metals

Question 8

Describe the properties of non metals

Answer 8

• Low melting point (except diamond, graphite, and graphene)
• not malleable ( solids are brittle)
• not ductile
• not sonorous
• poor conductors (except graphite and graphene)

Question 9

Describe properties of metals

Answer 9

• High (all solid at room temp except mercury )
• highly malleable
• highly ductile
• sonorous
• good conductors

Question 10

What are the 3 common transition metals?

Answer 10

Iron, silver, copper

Question 11

Describe the reactivity with water of group 1 metals

Answer 11

• Very reactive
• Form metal hydroxides and hydrogen

Question 12

Formation of ions in group 1 metals

Answer 12

1 + change

Question 13

Colour of compounds in group 1 metals

Answer 13

• White solids
• Colourless solutions

Question 14

Reactivity of transition metals with water

Answer 14

• Low reactivity
• Some will react to steam

Question 15

Formation of ions in transition metals

Answer 15

Variety of charges

Question 16

Colour of compounds in transition metals

Answer 16

Variety of different colours

Question 17

Colour of copper (11) oxide

Answer 17

Black powder

Question 18

Colour of copper (11) carbonate

Answer 18

Green powder

Question 19

Colour of hydrated copper (11) sulfate

Answer 19

Blue crystals

Question 20

Colour of copper (11) salt in solution

Answer 20

Blue solution

Question 21

Describe Florine (F2)

Answer 21

• Yellow gas
• low melting point (-220 °c)
• low boiling point ( 118 °c )
• colourless in solution

Question 22

Describe chlorine (Cl 2)

Answer 22

• Yellow -green gas
• low melting point (- 101 °c )
• low boiling point ( -34.7°c )
• pale green in solution

Question 23

Describe bromine (Br 2 )

Answer 23

• Red- brown liquid
• low melting point (-7.2°c)
• high boiling point (58.8°c)
• Orange in solution

Question 24

Describe iodine ( I 2 )

Answer 24

• grey -black solid
• high melting point ( 114°c )
• high boiling point ( 184°c)
• brown in solution

Question 25

Down the group, halogens become:

Answer 25

① bigger atoms ( more shells)
② less reactive ( further away from nucleus )
③ less soluble
④ increasing melting /boiling point due to increasing number of electrons ( greater van der waals forces )

Question 26

When iodine is heated it sublimes (solid to gas ).

Answer 26

① grey-black solid changes to purple vapour
② uncooling purple vapour changes back to grey black crystals

Question 27

Chlorine displacement reactions

Answer 27

• Potassium bromide = colourless solution turns orange

• potassium iodide = colorless solution becomes brown

Question 28

Bromine displacement reactions

Answer 28

• Potassium chloride = no reaction

• potassium iodide = colourless solution turns brown

Question 29

Iodine displacement reactions

Answer 29

• Potassium chloride = no reaction

• potassium bromide = no reaction

Question 30

Group 1 - alkali metals

Answer 30

• Similar chemical properties
• very reactive + react with oxygen and water in air
• kept in oil
• most compounds are white and dissolve to give colourless solutions

Question 31

Group 0 - noble gases

Answer 31

• unreactive
• monatomic atoms
• colourless and odourless
• stable -full outer shells
• low boiling points increase down the group - the strength of van der waal’s forces increase between atoms
• elements in some group have some number of elections
• period numbers indicates number of shells / energy levels

Question 32

Reactions of metals

Answer 32

① metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
② metal + oxygen → metal oxide
③ metal + acid → salt + water
④ metal + halogen → metal halide

Question 33

Half equation format

Answer 33

Na → Na+ + e-
Li → Li+ + e-
K → K+ + e-

Question 34

Reaction with water safety precautions

Answer 34

• Use safety screen
• use tongs / tweezers
• use a small piece of metal

Question 35

Lithium with water reaction

Answer 35

• Moves on water
• bubbles fizzing
• metal disappears
• colourless solution forms
• heat given off

Question 36

Equation for lithium and water reaction

Answer 36

Word = lithum + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

Balanced = 2 Li + 2H20 → 2LiOH + H2

Question 37

Sodium with water reaction

Answer 37

① all points from lithium
② melts into ball

Question 38

Equations for sodium with water

Answer 38

Word = sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Balanced =2Na + 2H20 → 2NaOH + H2

Question 39

Reaction of potassium with water

Answer 39

① all points from lithium
② all points from sodium
③ lilac flame
④ crackles / small explosion

Question 40

Equations for potassium with water

Answer 40

Word = potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

Balanced = 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2

Question 41

Test for hydrogen

Answer 41

Lit splint produces squeaky pop