The Periodic Law and The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the use of a periodic table?
- To summarize, correlate and predict chemical information that chemists use on a daily basis.
- It is a reminder of names of elements and their symbols.
- It is a map of elements.
Who discovered the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Mayer
State the Modern Periodic Law.
Chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
True or False: Chemical and physical properties correlate to electronic structure which in turn correlates to the position of the element in the table.
True
Mention components of major biological molecules.
C, H, O, P, N, S
Mention elements responsible for fluid balance and nerve transmission.
Na, K, Cl
Mention elements necessary for bones and nerve function.
Ca, Mg
Mention elements necessary for metabolism.
Zn, Sr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn
Mention elements poisonous to the body.
Cd, Hg, Pb
True or False: Elements of a group have similar chemical and physical properties.
True.
In 1983, IUPAC changed the convention of naming groups from __________________________ to ___________.
Roman Numerals with sub-groups A and B, to numbers 1- 18.
What is the difference between groups and periods?
Groups:
1. Columns
2. Numbered after the no. of electrons in the outermost shell.
Periods:
1. Rows
2. Numbered after the total no. of shells in the elements of the period.
What are the characteristics of Group s?
- Fill the s- orbitals
- Column 1 and 2
What are the characteristics of Group p?
- Fill the p- orbitals
- Column 13- 18
What are the characteristics of transition elements?
- Fill the d- orbitals, filling periods 4, 5, 6, 7.
- Each column is a sub-group named after the first element.
- Between s and p blocks.
- Have variable oxidation states.
Why do transition metals have variable oxidation states?
Because electrons from s and d orbitals participate in bonding.
What are the characteristics of lanthanides?
- Elements from La (57) to Hf(72)
- Fill 4f orbitals
- Rare alkali earth metals
- Have magnetic properties
What are the characteristics of actinides?
- Elements from Ac (89) to Rf (104)
- Fill 5f orbitals
- Are radioactive
Differentiate between metals and non- metals.
Metals: Lose e- in chemical reactions
Non- metals: Gain e- in chemical reactions
What are the characteristics of metals?
- Hard and solid at R.T.
- Good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Lustre, malleability and ductility.
What are the characteristics of non- metals?
- Liquids, gases or solids at R.T.
2, Bad conductors of heat and electricity.
__________ have intermediate properties of metals and non-metals.
Metalloids
Mention all the metalloids.
B, Si, Ge, As, Te, Po, At, Sb
What are the characteristics of Group 1?
- All are metals except hydrogen.
- Metals have low density.
- Metals have low melting point.
- React with H2O to release H2 gas.
- React with O2 to form solid white oxides.
- Form univalent basic solutions
What are the characteristics of Group 2?
- All are metals.
- Are harder and have more density than group 1 metals.
- React with H2O to release H2 gas.
- React with O2 to form solid white oxides.
- Form divalent basic solutions
What are the characteristics of Halogens?
- All are non-metals.
- Colored
- Diatomic
- F, Cl- Gases
B- Liquid
I- Solid - React with H2 to form hydrogen halides that react with water to form acidic solutions.
- React with metals to form ionic metal halides.
What are the characteristics of noble gases?
- Non-metals
- Gases
- Colorless
- Inert
Why are noble gases inert?
Because they have a stable electronic configuration.
Why are noble gases inert?
Because they have a stable electronic configuration.
