States of Matter

Question 1

The difference in the states of mater is due to ___________________________.

Answer 1

Interparticle relationships.

Question 2

What kinds of interparticle relationships classify different states of matter?

Answer 2

1. The average distance between the particles.
2. The interactions between particles.
3. The degree of organization between particles.

Question 3

Why are solids closely packed?

Answer 3

1. Because they have strong attractive forces between particles that restrict motion.
2. Because their kinetic energy is insufficient to overcome these attractive forces.

Question 4

Why do solids have high M.P and B.P?

Answer 4

Because high amount of energy is required to overcome strong attractive forces between particles.

Question 5

True or False: Most solids turn to liquids at high temperature.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

On what factors does melting point depend on?

Answer 6

1. Strength of attractive forces.
2. Polarity

Question 7

What are crystalline solids?

Answer 7

They have a regular and repeated structure.

Question 8

What are “chips” in the context of semiconductors?

Answer 8

They are made up of silicon and traces of arsenic and germanium; brains behind our phones, computers and electronics.

Question 9

What are amorphous solids?

Answer 9

They have an unorganised structure.

Question 10

True or False: Ionic solids are hard and brittle with high M.P.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Ionic solids are good conductors of electricity in their solid state.

Answer 11

False. Ionic solids are good conductors of electricity in their aqueous or molten state.

Question 12

What is the difference between ionic and covalent solids?

Answer 12

1. Ionic solids have oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.
2. Covalent solids are have atoms that are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 13

What are the different kinds of molecular forces of attraction?

Answer 13

1. Dipole- dipole forces
2. London Forces
3. Hydrogen Bonds

Question 14

What are the charecteristrics of molecular solids?

Answer 14

1. Very soft
2. Low melting point
3. Highly volatile

Question 15

What are metallic solids?

Answer 15

They are solids where the metal atoms are bonded by metallic bonds.

Question 16

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 16

They are bonds where the atomic orbitals overlap resulting in regions of high density of electrons around a positively charged nucleus.

Question 17

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 17

Because electrons are mobile and can move easily from one atom to another in pathways provided by overlap of atomic orbitals.

Question 18

Why are gases so disordered?

Answer 18

1. Because they have large separation between the particles is large.
2. Because there are negligible interactions between the particles.

Question 19

What does volume of liquids and solids depend on?

Answer 19

1. Primarily on mass.
2. Secondarily on temperature.

Question 20

Comment of the particle motion of solid, liquid and gas.

Answer 20

1. Solid particles vibrate about their position.
2. Liquid particles slide against each other.
3. Gas particles have unrestricted motion.

Question 21

What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

Answer 21

Intensive properties- do not depend on the quantity of a substance.
Extensive properties: depend on the quantity of a substance.

Question 22

Mass and volume are _________ properties.

Answer 22

Extensive

Question 23

True or False: Specific gravity and density are intensive properties.

Answer 23

True. They both are ratios.

Question 24

What is a pure substance?

Answer 24

1, Has fixed composition.
2. A set of unique properties.

Question 25

What are elements?

Answer 25

1. Cannot be turned into simpler form of matter by any chemical reaction. 2. Have atoms with similar properties (same atomic numbers)

Question 26

_______ due to its high density is used in a barometer and nanometer.

Answer 26

Mercury.

Question 27

Metals dissolve in _______ to result in solutions called amalgams.

Answer 27

Mercury

Question 28

Ag- Hg- Sn amalgam is used in _____________.

Answer 28

Teeth filling.

Question 29

What are compounds?

Answer 29

1. Pure substance made out of elements in a definite composition, in a reproducible way. 2. Have properties different from their basic elements. 3. Can be decomposed through chemical means.

Question 30

HgO is decomposed to Hg and O2 through ____.

Answer 30

Heat

Question 31

What is electrolysis?

Answer 31

It is a form of decomposition of substances through the passage of electricity.

Question 32

What is a mixture?

Answer 32

1. Mixtures have variable composition. 2. The basic substances in a mixture retain their chemical properties.

Question 33

What is the difference between a heterogenous and a homogenous mixture?

Answer 33

Heterogenous mixture- Non-uniform composition. Homogenous mixture- Uniform composition (true solution).

Question 34

True or False: Concrete is a true solution.

Answer 34

False. Concrete is a mixture of different types and shapes of stone, sand and cement in a non-uniform composition.

Question 35

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

Answer 35

1.It is a reasonable explanation of the behavior of gases. 2. Bulk properties of gases depend on the behavior of individual particles.

Question 36

What is the Boyle's Law?

Answer 36

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume if temperature and no. of moles are held constant. PV= k

Question 37

What is the Charle's Law?

Answer 37

Volume varies directly with temperature if pressure and no. of moles are help constant. V/T= k

Question 38

What is Avogadro's Law?

Answer 38

All gases have same no. of moles for equal volumes of gas for constant pressure and temperature. V/n= k

Question 39

The culmination of Boyle's, Charle's and Avogadro's Law give us _________________.

Answer 39

The Ideal Gas Law PV= nRT R= Gas Constant