States of Matter Flashcards
The difference in the states of mater is due to ___________________________.
Interparticle relationships.
What kinds of interparticle relationships classify different states of matter?
- The average distance between the particles.
- The interactions between particles.
- The degree of organization between particles.
Why are solids closely packed?
- Because they have strong attractive forces between particles that restrict motion.
- Because their kinetic energy is insufficient to overcome these attractive forces.
Why do solids have high M.P and B.P?
Because high amount of energy is required to overcome strong attractive forces between particles.
True or False: Most solids turn to liquids at high temperature.
True
On what factors does melting point depend on?
- Strength of attractive forces.
- Polarity
What are crystalline solids?
They have a regular and repeated structure.
What are “chips” in the context of semiconductors?
They are made up of silicon and traces of arsenic and germanium; brains behind our phones, computers and electronics.
What are amorphous solids?
They have an unorganised structure.
True or False: Ionic solids are hard and brittle with high M.P.
True
True or False: Ionic solids are good conductors of electricity in their solid state.
False. Ionic solids are good conductors of electricity in their aqueous or molten state.
What is the difference between ionic and covalent solids?
- Ionic solids have oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.
- Covalent solids are have atoms that are held together by covalent bonds.
What are the different kinds of molecular forces of attraction?
- Dipole- dipole forces
- London Forces
- Hydrogen Bonds
What are the charecteristrics of molecular solids?
- Very soft
- Low melting point
- Highly volatile
What are metallic solids?
They are solids where the metal atoms are bonded by metallic bonds.
What are metallic bonds?
They are bonds where the atomic orbitals overlap resulting in regions of high density of electrons around a positively charged nucleus.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Because electrons are mobile and can move easily from one atom to another in pathways provided by overlap of atomic orbitals.
Why are gases so disordered?
- Because they have large separation between the particles is large.
- Because there are negligible interactions between the particles.
What does volume of liquids and solids depend on?
- Primarily on mass.
- Secondarily on temperature.
Comment of the particle motion of solid, liquid and gas.
- Solid particles vibrate about their position.
- Liquid particles slide against each other.
- Gas particles have unrestricted motion.
What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?
Intensive properties- do not depend on the quantity of a substance.
Extensive properties: depend on the quantity of a substance.
Mass and volume are _________ properties.
Extensive
True or False: Specific gravity and density are intensive properties.
True. They both are ratios.
What is a pure substance?
1, Has fixed composition.
2. A set of unique properties.
What are elements?
- Cannot be turned into simpler form of matter by any chemical reaction.
- Have atoms with similar properties (same atomic numbers)
_______ due to its high density is used in a barometer and nanometer.
Mercury.
Metals dissolve in _______ to result in solutions called amalgams.
Mercury
Ag- Hg- Sn amalgam is used in _____________.
Teeth filling.
What are compounds?
- Pure substance made out of elements in a definite composition, in a reproducible way.
- Have properties different from their basic elements.
- Can be decomposed through chemical means.
HgO is decomposed to Hg and O2 through ____.
Heat
What is electrolysis?
It is a form of decomposition of substances through the passage of electricity.
What is a mixture?
- Mixtures have variable composition.
- The basic substances in a mixture retain their chemical properties.
What is the difference between a heterogenous and a homogenous mixture?
Heterogenous mixture- Non-uniform composition.
Homogenous mixture- Uniform composition (true solution).
True or False: Concrete is a true solution.
False. Concrete is a mixture of different types and shapes of stone, sand and cement in a non-uniform composition.
What is the kinetic theory of gases?
1.It is a reasonable explanation of the behavior of gases.
2. Bulk properties of gases depend on the behavior of individual particles.
What is the Boyle’s Law?
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume if temperature and no. of moles are held constant.
PV= k
What is the Charle’s Law?
Volume varies directly with temperature if pressure and no. of moles are help constant.
V/T= k
What is Avogadro’s Law?
All gases have same no. of moles for equal volumes of gas for constant pressure and temperature.
V/n= k
The culmination of Boyle’s, Charle’s and Avogadro’s Law give us _________________.
The Ideal Gas Law
PV= nRT
R= Gas Constant
