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Chemistry > States of Matter > Flashcards

States of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

The difference in the states of mater is due to ___________________________.

A

Interparticle relationships.

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2
Q

What kinds of interparticle relationships classify different states of matter?

A
  1. The average distance between the particles.
  2. The interactions between particles.
  3. The degree of organization between particles.
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3
Q

Why are solids closely packed?

A
  1. Because they have strong attractive forces between particles that restrict motion.
  2. Because their kinetic energy is insufficient to overcome these attractive forces.
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4
Q

Why do solids have high M.P and B.P?

A

Because high amount of energy is required to overcome strong attractive forces between particles.

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5
Q

True or False: Most solids turn to liquids at high temperature.

A

True

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6
Q

On what factors does melting point depend on?

A
  1. Strength of attractive forces.
  2. Polarity
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7
Q

What are crystalline solids?

A

They have a regular and repeated structure.

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8
Q

What are “chips” in the context of semiconductors?

A

They are made up of silicon and traces of arsenic and germanium; brains behind our phones, computers and electronics.

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9
Q

What are amorphous solids?

A

They have an unorganised structure.

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10
Q

True or False: Ionic solids are hard and brittle with high M.P.

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: Ionic solids are good conductors of electricity in their solid state.

A

False. Ionic solids are good conductors of electricity in their aqueous or molten state.

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12
Q

What is the difference between ionic and covalent solids?

A
  1. Ionic solids have oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.
  2. Covalent solids are have atoms that are held together by covalent bonds.
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13
Q

What are the different kinds of molecular forces of attraction?

A
  1. Dipole- dipole forces
  2. London Forces
  3. Hydrogen Bonds
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14
Q

What are the charecteristrics of molecular solids?

A
  1. Very soft
  2. Low melting point
  3. Highly volatile
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15
Q

What are metallic solids?

A

They are solids where the metal atoms are bonded by metallic bonds.

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16
Q

What are metallic bonds?

A

They are bonds where the atomic orbitals overlap resulting in regions of high density of electrons around a positively charged nucleus.

17
Q

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

A

Because electrons are mobile and can move easily from one atom to another in pathways provided by overlap of atomic orbitals.

18
Q

Why are gases so disordered?

A
  1. Because they have large separation between the particles is large.
  2. Because there are negligible interactions between the particles.
19
Q

What does volume of liquids and solids depend on?

A
  1. Primarily on mass.
  2. Secondarily on temperature.
20
Q

Comment of the particle motion of solid, liquid and gas.

A
  1. Solid particles vibrate about their position.
  2. Liquid particles slide against each other.
  3. Gas particles have unrestricted motion.
21
Q

What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

A

Intensive properties- do not depend on the quantity of a substance.
Extensive properties: depend on the quantity of a substance.

22
Q

Mass and volume are _________ properties.

A

Extensive

23
Q

True or False: Specific gravity and density are intensive properties.

A

True. They both are ratios.

24
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

1, Has fixed composition.
2. A set of unique properties.

25
Q

What are elements?

A
  1. Cannot be turned into simpler form of matter by any chemical reaction.
  2. Have atoms with similar properties (same atomic numbers)
26
Q

_______ due to its high density is used in a barometer and nanometer.

A

Mercury.

27
Q

Metals dissolve in _______ to result in solutions called amalgams.

A

Mercury

28
Q

Ag- Hg- Sn amalgam is used in _____________.

A

Teeth filling.

29
Q

What are compounds?

A
  1. Pure substance made out of elements in a definite composition, in a reproducible way.
  2. Have properties different from their basic elements.
  3. Can be decomposed through chemical means.
30
Q

HgO is decomposed to Hg and O2 through ____.

A

Heat

31
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

It is a form of decomposition of substances through the passage of electricity.

32
Q

What is a mixture?

A
  1. Mixtures have variable composition.
  2. The basic substances in a mixture retain their chemical properties.
33
Q

What is the difference between a heterogenous and a homogenous mixture?

A

Heterogenous mixture- Non-uniform composition.
Homogenous mixture- Uniform composition (true solution).

34
Q

True or False: Concrete is a true solution.

A

False. Concrete is a mixture of different types and shapes of stone, sand and cement in a non-uniform composition.

35
Q

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

A

1.It is a reasonable explanation of the behavior of gases.
2. Bulk properties of gases depend on the behavior of individual particles.

36
Q

What is the Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume if temperature and no. of moles are held constant.
PV= k

37
Q

What is the Charle’s Law?

A

Volume varies directly with temperature if pressure and no. of moles are help constant.
V/T= k

38
Q

What is Avogadro’s Law?

A

All gases have same no. of moles for equal volumes of gas for constant pressure and temperature.
V/n= k

39
Q

The culmination of Boyle’s, Charle’s and Avogadro’s Law give us _________________.

A

The Ideal Gas Law
PV= nRT

R= Gas Constant

Chemistry (11 decks)

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