The perineum

Question 1

What is the most inferior region of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 1

Perineum

Question 2

What are the borders of the perineum?

Answer 2

Front= pubic symphysis
Back= coccyx
Sides= Ischial tuberosities

Question 3

Two triangles of perineum

Answer 3

Urogential and anal

Question 4

Which of the urogenital and anorectal triangles is the most vericle?

Answer 4

Anorectal

Question 5

What does the pudendal nerve branch into?

Answer 5

Perineal nerve, inferior rectal nerve, dorsal nerve of penis/ clitoris

Question 6

What is the arterial supply for the perineum?

Answer 6

Internal pudendal artery

Question 7

Where does the pudendal vein originate?

Answer 7

Rami of S2-S4

Question 8

Describe the course of the pudendal vein?

Answer 8

Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
Passes through ischial spine
Enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen, passes into pudendal canal

Question 9

What is the pudendal canal formed by?

Answer 9

Fascia overlying obturator internus

Question 10

What are ishioanal fossae?

Answer 10

Spaces located in anus, allowing for expansion

Question 11

What divides the urogenital trangle into deep and superficial?

Answer 11

Perineal membrane

Question 12

What is the hole in perineal membrane for?

Answer 12

Passage of urethra

Question 13

Names of two superficial fascia?

Answer 13

Campers and Colles

Question 14

What is Camper’s fascia

Answer 14

Layer of abdominal wall continuous with ishioanal fossae and superficial fascia of thigh

Question 15

What is Colles fascia?

Answer 15

Continuous with anterior abdominal wall but NOT THIGH FASCIA

Deep to camper’s

Question 16

Where is the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 16

Above the perineal membrane

Question 17

What muscles are contained in the deep perineal pouch

Answer 17

Deep transverse perineal muscles

External urethral sphincter

Question 18

What is function of deep transverse muscles

Answer 18

Support to anal canal and perineum

Question 19

What glands found in deep perineal pouch?

Answer 19

Cowpers gland

Bulbourethral gland

Question 20

Where is the superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 20

Between perineal membrane and Colle’s fascia

Question 21

What muscles are found in superficial perineal pouch

Answer 21

Superficial transverse muscles
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

Question 22

What is the perineal body?

Answer 22

Junction of two triangles: irregular fibrocollagenous mass

Question 23

What attaches to perineal body?

Answer 23

Levator ani
Bulbospongiosum
Superficial and deep transverse muscles
External anal and urethral sphincters

Question 24

What makes up glans penis dorsally and ventrally?

Answer 24

Dorsal: corpus cavernosa
Ventral: corpus spongiosum

Question 25

What is the proper word for foreskin?

Answer 25

Prepuce

Question 26

What vessels are found on dorsal surface of penis?

Answer 26

Dorsal vein, artery and nerve

Question 27

Function of Buck's fascia?

Answer 27

Blocks drainage, keeping more blood in penis

Question 28

What is the base of corpus cavernosum called?

Answer 28

Crura

Question 29

What does the ischiocavernosus overlie and what is its function?

Answer 29

Corpus cavernosus | Compresses crura to keep blood within structure during erection

Question 30

What does bulbospongiosus cover?

Answer 30

Bulb of penis | Corpus spongiosum

Question 31

How does parasympathetic nervous system drive an erection?

Answer 31

NO release (potent vasodilator)

Question 32

Which part of the penis becomes erect and what stays flacid- why?

Answer 32

Corpus cavernosum engorges with blood | Corpus spongiosum remains flaccid to protect the urethra

Question 33

What do Cowpers glands do?

Answer 33

Produce pre-ejaculate to ready the urethra for ejaculation

Question 34

How does sympathetic nervous system drive ejaculation?

Answer 34

Stimulates smooth muscle in lining of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate

Question 35

What is the purpose of sphincter of bladder contractions during ejaculation?

Answer 35

Prevents ejaculate from going back into bladder

Question 36

What is contained in the vestibule of the vagina?

Answer 36

Urethral and vaginal openings

Question 37

What is the perineal raphe?

Answer 37

Line from inferior aspect of vagina to anus

Question 38

What is the erectile tissue of the female genitalia?

Answer 38

Bulb of vestibule, crura of clitoris

Question 39

What is the function of bulbospongiosus in women?

Answer 39

Reduces size of vaginal orifice, compressing dorsal vein of clitoris